CMTO MCQ LATEST 2026 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔definition of feedforward - ✔✔responses made in anticipation of a change that is too
fast for sensory input
✔✔Definition of anticipatory control - ✔✔Responses made in intoxication of planned
movements such as person planing to pull on handle etc.
✔✔Definition of closed loop control - ✔✔For precision movements that require sensory
feedback (maintaining balance while standing on beam for example)
✔✔Aerobic vs. Anaerobic - ✔✔Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means
"without oxygen."
✔✔What is myocardial oxygen consumption - ✔✔a measure of the oxygen consumed
by the myocardial muscle
✔✔Indications and benefits for effleurage - ✔✔Increase venous and lymphatic return,
introductory and transitional technique, decrease edema
✔✔Indications and benefits of stroking - ✔✔Reduces pain and can relax or stimulate,
can have changes in resting muscle tension and neuromuscular tone, reduce spasm,
and decrease limb spasticity
✔✔Indications and benefits of compression - ✔✔Reduce resting muscle tension, can
increase lymphatic and venous return, can be used for postural drainage
✔✔Indications and benefits of petrissage - ✔✔Reduce resting skeletal muscle tension,
increase tissue extensibility, increased circulation,increase relaxation
✔✔Indications and benefits of rocking and shaking - ✔✔Decrease unnecessary muscle
tension, good for before joint mobilization's and before sports events, relaxing effects
✔✔Indications and benefits of skin rolling - ✔✔For restrictions in superficial fascia,
decrease resting muscle tension, increase fascia mobility, increase ROM, break up
adhesions
✔✔Indications and benefits of direct fascial and myofascial - ✔✔Increases mobility in
fascia, decrease effects of scars and adhesions, lengthen fascial layers
✔✔Indications and benefits of frictions - ✔✔Increase extensibility of CT, treating
adhesions, improve scar tissue, increase ROM
, ✔✔Indications and benefits of muscle stripping - ✔✔Reduce pain and symptoms of
trigger points, restore length and strength of muscle
✔✔How to treat trigger points? - ✔✔1. Warm up tissues with effleurage and stripping to
muscle
2. Confirm tp through referral pattern, twitch, pain, etc.
3. Go to 7/10 on pain scale and hold until tp releases
4. Use heat and stretch muscle to release
✔✔Indications and benefits of vibration - ✔✔Pain relief and chances to neuromuscular
tone, reduce resting muscle tone
✔✔Indications and benefits of percussive techniques - ✔✔Airway clearance, postural
drainage, pain relief, can be relaxing or stimulating
✔✔Name and describe 3 phases of general adaptation in pathogenesis of stress -
✔✔Alarm phase- adrenaline release initiating flight or fight response (increased BP,
respiration, perspiration, muscle tone, dilated pupils)
Resistance or adaptation: hormones secreted to increase blood sugar levels and
increase BP(adrenal cortex involvement in this phase)
Exhaustion: body reserves and immunity is depleted
✔✔Name and describe types of cell injury - ✔✔Reversible cell injury- impairment in
cells normal structure or function and returns once stress/cause is removed
Irreversible cell injury: cell death, due to apoptosis or necrosis
✔✔Define atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, meta plasma, and dysplasia - ✔✔Atrophy-
decrease in size of cells. And be due to vascular insufficiency, malnutrition, chronic
inflammation
Hypertrophy- increase in size of cell without increase in total number of cells (occurs
when increased functional demands placed on cells)
Hyperplasia- increased number of cells which increases size of organs due to extra
cells d/t excessive functional demands on cells that can divide
Metaplasia-chance from one cell type to another
Dysplasia- increase in cell numbers with abnormal morphology and histology
✔✔Signs of inflammation - ✔✔redness/erythema, heat, swelling/edema, pain
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔definition of feedforward - ✔✔responses made in anticipation of a change that is too
fast for sensory input
✔✔Definition of anticipatory control - ✔✔Responses made in intoxication of planned
movements such as person planing to pull on handle etc.
✔✔Definition of closed loop control - ✔✔For precision movements that require sensory
feedback (maintaining balance while standing on beam for example)
✔✔Aerobic vs. Anaerobic - ✔✔Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means
"without oxygen."
✔✔What is myocardial oxygen consumption - ✔✔a measure of the oxygen consumed
by the myocardial muscle
✔✔Indications and benefits for effleurage - ✔✔Increase venous and lymphatic return,
introductory and transitional technique, decrease edema
✔✔Indications and benefits of stroking - ✔✔Reduces pain and can relax or stimulate,
can have changes in resting muscle tension and neuromuscular tone, reduce spasm,
and decrease limb spasticity
✔✔Indications and benefits of compression - ✔✔Reduce resting muscle tension, can
increase lymphatic and venous return, can be used for postural drainage
✔✔Indications and benefits of petrissage - ✔✔Reduce resting skeletal muscle tension,
increase tissue extensibility, increased circulation,increase relaxation
✔✔Indications and benefits of rocking and shaking - ✔✔Decrease unnecessary muscle
tension, good for before joint mobilization's and before sports events, relaxing effects
✔✔Indications and benefits of skin rolling - ✔✔For restrictions in superficial fascia,
decrease resting muscle tension, increase fascia mobility, increase ROM, break up
adhesions
✔✔Indications and benefits of direct fascial and myofascial - ✔✔Increases mobility in
fascia, decrease effects of scars and adhesions, lengthen fascial layers
✔✔Indications and benefits of frictions - ✔✔Increase extensibility of CT, treating
adhesions, improve scar tissue, increase ROM
, ✔✔Indications and benefits of muscle stripping - ✔✔Reduce pain and symptoms of
trigger points, restore length and strength of muscle
✔✔How to treat trigger points? - ✔✔1. Warm up tissues with effleurage and stripping to
muscle
2. Confirm tp through referral pattern, twitch, pain, etc.
3. Go to 7/10 on pain scale and hold until tp releases
4. Use heat and stretch muscle to release
✔✔Indications and benefits of vibration - ✔✔Pain relief and chances to neuromuscular
tone, reduce resting muscle tone
✔✔Indications and benefits of percussive techniques - ✔✔Airway clearance, postural
drainage, pain relief, can be relaxing or stimulating
✔✔Name and describe 3 phases of general adaptation in pathogenesis of stress -
✔✔Alarm phase- adrenaline release initiating flight or fight response (increased BP,
respiration, perspiration, muscle tone, dilated pupils)
Resistance or adaptation: hormones secreted to increase blood sugar levels and
increase BP(adrenal cortex involvement in this phase)
Exhaustion: body reserves and immunity is depleted
✔✔Name and describe types of cell injury - ✔✔Reversible cell injury- impairment in
cells normal structure or function and returns once stress/cause is removed
Irreversible cell injury: cell death, due to apoptosis or necrosis
✔✔Define atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, meta plasma, and dysplasia - ✔✔Atrophy-
decrease in size of cells. And be due to vascular insufficiency, malnutrition, chronic
inflammation
Hypertrophy- increase in size of cell without increase in total number of cells (occurs
when increased functional demands placed on cells)
Hyperplasia- increased number of cells which increases size of organs due to extra
cells d/t excessive functional demands on cells that can divide
Metaplasia-chance from one cell type to another
Dysplasia- increase in cell numbers with abnormal morphology and histology
✔✔Signs of inflammation - ✔✔redness/erythema, heat, swelling/edema, pain
