HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FROM CELLS TO
SYSTEMS EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ 1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus. Answer: what are the three primary regions of a cell
◉ plasma membrane. Answer: the outer boundary of the cell which
separates the intracellular environment from the extracellular
environment
◉ selective barrier. Answer: what type of barrier is the plasma
membrane?
◉ lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Answer: what is the plasma
membrane composed of
◉ in a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins suspended and attached.
Answer: how is the plasma membrane arranged
◉ microvilli. Answer: found of the apical surface of some hollow tube-
like organs; fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area
,◉ facilitate movement of material between intracellular and extracelluar.
Answer: what are the microvilli responsible for?
◉ cilia. Answer: short hair-like structures that project into the
extracellular fluid; contain microtubules in a "9+2" arrangement
◉ generate flow in extracellular fluid. Answer: what are the cilia
responsible for
◉ flagella. Answer: long whip-like structures found on mature
spermatozoa; contain a "9+2" microtubule arrangement
◉ allow sperm to swim. Answer: what are the flagella responsible for
◉ cytoplasm. Answer: semi-liquid, gel-like material outside the
cytoplasmic organelles; contains various dissolved materials, enzymes...
etc
◉ 1. enzymatic regulation of intermediate metabolism
2. ribosomal production of proteins
3. storage of far, glycogen and secretory vesicles. Answer: what are the
functions of cytoplasm
, ◉ cytoskeleton. Answer: network of protein fibers throughout cytosol
◉ microtubules and microfilaments. Answer: protein structures used in
movement of structures within a cell
◉ 1. structural support and shape of cell
2. movement of materials inside the cell
3. external movement (cilia and flagella, amoeboid movement,
endocytosis and exocytosis). Answer: what are the functions of the
cytoskeleton
◉ lysosomes. Answer: sac-like organelles which contain enzymes to
break down large molecules or to destroy bacteria and old organelles
◉ mitochondria. Answer: power generators of the cell; make ATP using
energy released from the break down of food
◉ two. Answer: how many membranes does the mitochondria have
◉ cristae and surround the matrix. Answer: how is the inner membrane
of the mitochondria folded and what does it surround
◉ true. Answer: true or false: the mitochondria has its own DNA
SYSTEMS EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ 1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus. Answer: what are the three primary regions of a cell
◉ plasma membrane. Answer: the outer boundary of the cell which
separates the intracellular environment from the extracellular
environment
◉ selective barrier. Answer: what type of barrier is the plasma
membrane?
◉ lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Answer: what is the plasma
membrane composed of
◉ in a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins suspended and attached.
Answer: how is the plasma membrane arranged
◉ microvilli. Answer: found of the apical surface of some hollow tube-
like organs; fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area
,◉ facilitate movement of material between intracellular and extracelluar.
Answer: what are the microvilli responsible for?
◉ cilia. Answer: short hair-like structures that project into the
extracellular fluid; contain microtubules in a "9+2" arrangement
◉ generate flow in extracellular fluid. Answer: what are the cilia
responsible for
◉ flagella. Answer: long whip-like structures found on mature
spermatozoa; contain a "9+2" microtubule arrangement
◉ allow sperm to swim. Answer: what are the flagella responsible for
◉ cytoplasm. Answer: semi-liquid, gel-like material outside the
cytoplasmic organelles; contains various dissolved materials, enzymes...
etc
◉ 1. enzymatic regulation of intermediate metabolism
2. ribosomal production of proteins
3. storage of far, glycogen and secretory vesicles. Answer: what are the
functions of cytoplasm
, ◉ cytoskeleton. Answer: network of protein fibers throughout cytosol
◉ microtubules and microfilaments. Answer: protein structures used in
movement of structures within a cell
◉ 1. structural support and shape of cell
2. movement of materials inside the cell
3. external movement (cilia and flagella, amoeboid movement,
endocytosis and exocytosis). Answer: what are the functions of the
cytoskeleton
◉ lysosomes. Answer: sac-like organelles which contain enzymes to
break down large molecules or to destroy bacteria and old organelles
◉ mitochondria. Answer: power generators of the cell; make ATP using
energy released from the break down of food
◉ two. Answer: how many membranes does the mitochondria have
◉ cristae and surround the matrix. Answer: how is the inner membrane
of the mitochondria folded and what does it surround
◉ true. Answer: true or false: the mitochondria has its own DNA
