BIOL 2252K Test 4 – Questions With Step By Step
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Terms in this set (70)
Name the gonad for the male • gonad: testis
reproductive system and its functions. • Function of testis:
Name the gametes and sex hormones - produce gametes(sperm)
produced by the male gonads - production of hormones (testosterone)
Name the gonad for the female • gonad: ovary
reproductive system and its functions. • Function of ovary:
Name the gametes and sex hormones - release of gametes (ova or eggs)
produced by the female gonads - production of sex hormones (estrogen and
progesterone)
,compare and contrast mitosis and mitosis
meiosis - division of body cells
- results in 2 diploid daughter cells
- genetically identical
- used for growth, repair, and cell replacement
meiosis
- germline cells divide into sex cells
- 4 haploid daughter cells
- genetic variation due to:
● crossing over
● random orientation
- used for sexual reproduction
both
- start as diploid cells
- same basic stages
● prophase
● metaphase
● anaphase
● telophase
- interphase occurs before
Describe the process of 1) Spermatogonium differentiates into primary
spermatogenesis, including the spermatocyte
different spermatogenic cell types. 2) 1 primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to
produce 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes
Where does it occur? 3) the 2 secondary spermatocytes each undergo
meiosis 2 to produce a total of 4 haploid spermatids
4) Spermatids elongate as they begin
spermiogenesis
5) Spermatids migrate to the epididymis & undergo
spermiogenesis to become mature sperm cells
• Occurs in the wall of the seminiferous tubule
, Describe the role of the sustentacular • Also called nurse cells
cell • Forms the blood testis barrier
• providing structural support for spermatogonia
development by maintaining the environment around
the cells;
• secreting substances that stimulate mitosis of
spermatogonia and initiation of meiosis in response
to testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone;
• providing nutrients to the dividing cells;
• phagocytizing damaged spermatogenic cells and
excess cytoplasm released from maturing
spermatids; and
• producing androgen-binding protein (ABP) and
inhibin (see the next module), which help regulate
spermatogenesis.
Why is it important to protect • Immune cells in the bloodstream must be
developing sperm from the immune prevented from encountering the new antigens on
system? the genetically unique sperm cells, as they would
recognize these antigens as foreign and mount an
immune response against them.
How do spermatids change physically 1) Nucleus of spermatid undergoes condensation
to become spermatozoa? 2) Golgi apparatus within spermatid produces
vesicles that fuse together to form the acrosome
(cap-like structure at the anterior end of sperm)
3) acrosome forms over the nucleus; more
mitochondria are produced and move to their
positions around the beginning part of the flagellum;
microtubules in the cell form the flagellum, or tail;
4) Spermatids eliminate excess cytoplasmic volum
5) Mitochondria aggregate around flagellum to form
midpiece
5) Many organelles are lost which contributes to
structure of mature sperm cell
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (70)
Name the gonad for the male • gonad: testis
reproductive system and its functions. • Function of testis:
Name the gametes and sex hormones - produce gametes(sperm)
produced by the male gonads - production of hormones (testosterone)
Name the gonad for the female • gonad: ovary
reproductive system and its functions. • Function of ovary:
Name the gametes and sex hormones - release of gametes (ova or eggs)
produced by the female gonads - production of sex hormones (estrogen and
progesterone)
,compare and contrast mitosis and mitosis
meiosis - division of body cells
- results in 2 diploid daughter cells
- genetically identical
- used for growth, repair, and cell replacement
meiosis
- germline cells divide into sex cells
- 4 haploid daughter cells
- genetic variation due to:
● crossing over
● random orientation
- used for sexual reproduction
both
- start as diploid cells
- same basic stages
● prophase
● metaphase
● anaphase
● telophase
- interphase occurs before
Describe the process of 1) Spermatogonium differentiates into primary
spermatogenesis, including the spermatocyte
different spermatogenic cell types. 2) 1 primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to
produce 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes
Where does it occur? 3) the 2 secondary spermatocytes each undergo
meiosis 2 to produce a total of 4 haploid spermatids
4) Spermatids elongate as they begin
spermiogenesis
5) Spermatids migrate to the epididymis & undergo
spermiogenesis to become mature sperm cells
• Occurs in the wall of the seminiferous tubule
, Describe the role of the sustentacular • Also called nurse cells
cell • Forms the blood testis barrier
• providing structural support for spermatogonia
development by maintaining the environment around
the cells;
• secreting substances that stimulate mitosis of
spermatogonia and initiation of meiosis in response
to testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone;
• providing nutrients to the dividing cells;
• phagocytizing damaged spermatogenic cells and
excess cytoplasm released from maturing
spermatids; and
• producing androgen-binding protein (ABP) and
inhibin (see the next module), which help regulate
spermatogenesis.
Why is it important to protect • Immune cells in the bloodstream must be
developing sperm from the immune prevented from encountering the new antigens on
system? the genetically unique sperm cells, as they would
recognize these antigens as foreign and mount an
immune response against them.
How do spermatids change physically 1) Nucleus of spermatid undergoes condensation
to become spermatozoa? 2) Golgi apparatus within spermatid produces
vesicles that fuse together to form the acrosome
(cap-like structure at the anterior end of sperm)
3) acrosome forms over the nucleus; more
mitochondria are produced and move to their
positions around the beginning part of the flagellum;
microtubules in the cell form the flagellum, or tail;
4) Spermatids eliminate excess cytoplasmic volum
5) Mitochondria aggregate around flagellum to form
midpiece
5) Many organelles are lost which contributes to
structure of mature sperm cell
