PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY COMBINED
SET EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Mentally Challenged-Intellectual Disability - Answer- Particular state of functioning that
begins in childhood and characterized by limitations in intelligence and adaptive skills.
Mentally Challenged Individuals classified into 4 groups of intellectual disabilities (for
descriptive purposes): - Answer- Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
Mild Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ ranges from 50-70, they typically develop social
and communication skills during preschool years and have minimal impairment in
sensorimotor areas. Often indistinguishable from normal children until later age
When communicating with a patient with mild intellectual disability, do the following: -
Answer- Minimize distractions, use short explanations, use simple language, take more
time to present information, avoid explanation of causes, focus on effects of lack of oral
hygiene, teach activities rather than concepts, encourage consistencies, use
"show,tell,do" positive reinforcement, and verbal praise
Moderate Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 35-55, they talk or learn to
communicate during preschool years. May profit from vocational training and with
moderate supervision, can take care of themselves; Unlikely to progress beyond 2nd
grade level in academic subjects. Usually need supervision and guidance under stress
and usually live in supervised group homes. My need premedication, restraints, or care
under general anesthesia while receiving dental treatment
Severe Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 20-40. Display poor development and
acquire little or no communicative speech during preschool period. In adult years, may
be able to perform simple tasks under close supervision. Typically require specialized
dental treatment involving general anesthesia
Profound Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 20-25. During early years, they
display minimal capacity for sensorimotor functioning. A highly structured environment
with constant aid and supervision is necessary throughout life. Require specialized
dental care usually provided in an institutional setting
Patients with Down Syndrome: - Answer- Mental impairment range from mild to
moderate retardation. Reduced muscle strength and muscle tone and 1\3 have heart
problems. Usually have abnormalities in dental development such as perio disease and
peg laterals, mouth breathing, misaligned occlusion, poor oral hygiene. Forward position
, of mandible and underdeveloped nasal and maxillary bones provide little space for
tongue resulting in open-mouth, forward-tongue position which makes tongue look
enlarged. Approach in mental age not chronologic. They do not like uniforms
Autism: - Answer- Effects how info is processed in the brain by altering how nerve cells
and their synapses connect and organize. Signs evident before age 3 and is
characterized by inability to get along with people, poor social skills, lack of
interpersonal relationships and abnormal speech. Have desire for sweet foods. Often
receiving psychotrophic meds which cause dry-mouth. Sedation, restraint, and general
anesthesia may be necessary
Cerebral Palsy - Answer- Group of non progressive neural disorders caused by prenatal
or postnatal brain damage before the CNS has reached maturity. Paralysis, muscle
weakness, lack of coordination, and other disorders of motor functions. Classified
according to motor disturbances, spasticity and athetosis. Usually premed to help them
relax and for control. Maybe general anesthesia. Patient and caregiver should receive a
thorough orientation to a home care program with modifications necessary to meet their
needs
Spasticity - Answer- Characterized by a state of increased muscle tension that
manifests as an exaggerated stretch reflex.
Athetosis - Answer- Marked by uncontrollable, involuntary, purposeless, and poorly
coordinated movements of the body, face, and extremities; grimacing, drooling, and
speech defects are present.
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: - Answer- According to American Academy of
Pediatric Dentistry, 1st appointment should take place around 1st birthday. Regular
exams at age 2. Radiographs every 6 mos. for patients with high risk of tooth decay
Extraoral Examination - Answer- Used to evaluate the patient's profile to determine
skeletal characteristics. Any facial deviation or asymmetry of the eyes, ears, or nose
may be a symptom of an undiagnosed syndrome, and child should be referred to a
professional
Intraoral Soft Tissue Exam - Answer- Evaluate gingiva and periodontium through the
use of a gingival score or a periodontal plaque score
Exam and Charting of Teeth: - Answer- Use of mouth mirror and explorer to explore
dentition and occlusion to determine spacing and crowding of teeth
Preventive Dentistry for Children: - Answer- Involves entire dental team. It reaches to
the community and local schools and the role is to communicate preventive dental
health in areas such as oral hygiene, fluoride use, diet, and preventive procedures
SET EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Mentally Challenged-Intellectual Disability - Answer- Particular state of functioning that
begins in childhood and characterized by limitations in intelligence and adaptive skills.
Mentally Challenged Individuals classified into 4 groups of intellectual disabilities (for
descriptive purposes): - Answer- Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
Mild Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ ranges from 50-70, they typically develop social
and communication skills during preschool years and have minimal impairment in
sensorimotor areas. Often indistinguishable from normal children until later age
When communicating with a patient with mild intellectual disability, do the following: -
Answer- Minimize distractions, use short explanations, use simple language, take more
time to present information, avoid explanation of causes, focus on effects of lack of oral
hygiene, teach activities rather than concepts, encourage consistencies, use
"show,tell,do" positive reinforcement, and verbal praise
Moderate Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 35-55, they talk or learn to
communicate during preschool years. May profit from vocational training and with
moderate supervision, can take care of themselves; Unlikely to progress beyond 2nd
grade level in academic subjects. Usually need supervision and guidance under stress
and usually live in supervised group homes. My need premedication, restraints, or care
under general anesthesia while receiving dental treatment
Severe Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 20-40. Display poor development and
acquire little or no communicative speech during preschool period. In adult years, may
be able to perform simple tasks under close supervision. Typically require specialized
dental treatment involving general anesthesia
Profound Intellectual Disability: - Answer- IQ from 20-25. During early years, they
display minimal capacity for sensorimotor functioning. A highly structured environment
with constant aid and supervision is necessary throughout life. Require specialized
dental care usually provided in an institutional setting
Patients with Down Syndrome: - Answer- Mental impairment range from mild to
moderate retardation. Reduced muscle strength and muscle tone and 1\3 have heart
problems. Usually have abnormalities in dental development such as perio disease and
peg laterals, mouth breathing, misaligned occlusion, poor oral hygiene. Forward position
, of mandible and underdeveloped nasal and maxillary bones provide little space for
tongue resulting in open-mouth, forward-tongue position which makes tongue look
enlarged. Approach in mental age not chronologic. They do not like uniforms
Autism: - Answer- Effects how info is processed in the brain by altering how nerve cells
and their synapses connect and organize. Signs evident before age 3 and is
characterized by inability to get along with people, poor social skills, lack of
interpersonal relationships and abnormal speech. Have desire for sweet foods. Often
receiving psychotrophic meds which cause dry-mouth. Sedation, restraint, and general
anesthesia may be necessary
Cerebral Palsy - Answer- Group of non progressive neural disorders caused by prenatal
or postnatal brain damage before the CNS has reached maturity. Paralysis, muscle
weakness, lack of coordination, and other disorders of motor functions. Classified
according to motor disturbances, spasticity and athetosis. Usually premed to help them
relax and for control. Maybe general anesthesia. Patient and caregiver should receive a
thorough orientation to a home care program with modifications necessary to meet their
needs
Spasticity - Answer- Characterized by a state of increased muscle tension that
manifests as an exaggerated stretch reflex.
Athetosis - Answer- Marked by uncontrollable, involuntary, purposeless, and poorly
coordinated movements of the body, face, and extremities; grimacing, drooling, and
speech defects are present.
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: - Answer- According to American Academy of
Pediatric Dentistry, 1st appointment should take place around 1st birthday. Regular
exams at age 2. Radiographs every 6 mos. for patients with high risk of tooth decay
Extraoral Examination - Answer- Used to evaluate the patient's profile to determine
skeletal characteristics. Any facial deviation or asymmetry of the eyes, ears, or nose
may be a symptom of an undiagnosed syndrome, and child should be referred to a
professional
Intraoral Soft Tissue Exam - Answer- Evaluate gingiva and periodontium through the
use of a gingival score or a periodontal plaque score
Exam and Charting of Teeth: - Answer- Use of mouth mirror and explorer to explore
dentition and occlusion to determine spacing and crowding of teeth
Preventive Dentistry for Children: - Answer- Involves entire dental team. It reaches to
the community and local schools and the role is to communicate preventive dental
health in areas such as oral hygiene, fluoride use, diet, and preventive procedures
