Cybersecurity Exams Questions With Detailed Answers.

CYBERSECURITY EXAMS QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS. What is the order of transmission of a HTTP packet through the TCP/IP model? application transport network data link physical PDU of application packet PDU of transport segment PDU of network packet PDU of data link frame the transmission control protocol (tcp) performs the functions of which layer? transport this layer decides when to transmit so that 2 computers do not transmit at the same time data link which is the de facto (most commonly implemented) standard network model today? TCP/IP or internet which kind of network can connect geographically dispersed LANs? WAN which hardware is used to connect two or more networks? router except for this layer, all other layers add a PDU to their message physical which layer has local responsibility data link, transport has global how many layers are in the OSI model? 7 how many layers are in the internet model? 5 to transmit the data through the network, each layer in the network (except the physical layer) adds one of these to the data being transmitted. each layer adds a different type, the network layer adds an IP packet PDU a dumb terminal has a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and no CPU true all the processing takes place on the host computer when using a dumb terminal true you can install your latest application software on a dumb terminal false a dumb terminal is essentially an input/ouput device true in a two tier client server architecture, the client will handle __________ logic and the server is responsible for the ________ logic presentation & application; data access & data storage SaaS is one of the three cloud computing models; it is based on ______ multitenancy the protocol of the WWW is HTTP the HTTP status code for "OK" is 200 the most commonly used email standard on the internet is SMTP the protocol for communicating between an email client and email server allows the client to request emails from the server and keep the email stored on the server after being read IMAP a thin client approach places little or no application logic on the client whereas thick client approach places all or almost all application logic on client true emails can be implemented as either two tier client server architecture or three tier client architecture. however these two cannot be combined false SMTP permits only the transfer of text messages; in order to send non text files a new protocol, such as MIME, was developed true when two computers have a dedicated circuit that connects them is called point to point circuit in this two way transmission a computer can transmit only one direction at a time half duplex transmission means to break one high speed physical communication circuit into several lower speed logical circuits multiplexing twisted pair cable guided coaxial cable guided fiber optic cable guided radio not guided transmission speeds vary greatly among the different media; twisted pair, most frequently used media in LANs, can provide data rates in the following intervals: 1mpbs - 1gbps the word circuit has two different meanings in networking; when we refer to the actual wire we mean ____________ circuit; when we refer to the transmission characteristics of the connection we mean __________ circuit physical; logical digital data can only be transmitted using digital transmission false when digital data is transmitted using analog transmission, the following characteristics of the wave are used to translate the digital data produced by computers into the analog signals amplitude, frequency, phase both modems and codecs have to work in pairs in order to transmit data through circuits true the most commonly used technique to transmit analog voice tat through digital transmission is PCM the data link layer has two sublayers, which sublayer controls the physical hardware? MAC The data link layer performs media access; what are the basic approaches to MAC roll call polling; token passing; contention there are many sources of error, which of these refers to the usual gradual loss of signal strength during transmission through a medium? attenuation for digital circuits we can _______ to strengthen the signal; this is because the signal is recreated without the accompanying noise and distortion, resulting in lower error rates install repeaters the only way to detect errors is to send extra data with each message, which of these methods is methods is the most reliable? cyclic redundancy check this type of mac works better in networks with large number of computers on any shared circuit controlled which of the following is part of error control? error prevention, error detection, error correction which of the following is not true about continuous ARQ it sends one message at a time there is a trade off between large and small frames when designing a protocol; small frames are less efficient but are less likely to contain errors and cost less to retransmit if there is an error true PDU at the data link layer is called a frame software through which we interact with the web or email or any other application that is running over the internet application global responsibility, end to end connection; session management, links to app layer, segmentation transport where the message goes next (hop); routing, addressing network local responsibility; controls hardware; formats the message; error control data link responsible for the physical transport of the message; electrical, light, radio physical phishing, dictionary attack, brute force attack, rainbow table attack types of password cracking attacks disable LM password hashes; require long, complex passswords; disable LAN manager & NTLM authentication; enable account lockout; force moderately frequent password changes; audit passwords regularly how to prevent password cracking a group of websites that are publicly available but make illegal activity and information sharing possible by hiding who owns the websites and where the websites are hosted dark web the dark web can be accessed by using the onion router, also known as Tor Consists of finding ways to minimize cyber attacks for your software securing code 1. buffer overflow 2. format strings attacks 3. integer overflow 3 common vulnerabilities of securing code 1. start by putting a 1 above rightmost digit 2. double the number until you reach the last binary digit 3. add the numbers above the 1s 4. the sum is the decimal binary to decimal 1. halve the number from right to left until u get to 1 (dont keep decimals) 2. write 1s under odd numbers and 0 under evens 3. result is binary decimal to binary if there are multiple tabs open in a browser, how does the browser know where to respond? port # what is the well known port # 80 for? the web which layer is responsible for session management? for giving each tab a temporary port #? transport layer works with application layer to maintain the connection between tabs