LOMOAR CPSD| 8608603
SOLUTIONS MANUAL FOR
Organic Chemistry 6th Edition
By Janice Gorzynski Smith (Author) Latest Update
Graded A+
, LOMOAR CPSD| 8608603
contents
chapter 1 structure and bonding
chapter 2 acids and bases
chapter 3 introduction to organic molecules and functional
groups
chapter 4 alkanes
chapter 5 stereochemistry
chapter 6 understanding organic reactions
chapter 7 alkyl halides and nucleophilic
substitution chapter 8 alkyl halides and
elimination reactions chapter 9 alcohols,
ethers, and related compounds chapter 10
alkenes
chapter 11 alkynes
chapter 12 oxidation and reduction chapter
13 mass spectrometry and infrared
spectroscopy chapter 14 nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy chapter 15 radical
reactions
chapter 16 conjugation, resonance, and
dienes chapter 17 benzene and aromatic
compounds chapter 18 reactions of
aromatic compounds
chapter 19 carboxylic acids and the acidity of the o-h bond
chapter 20 introduction to carbonyl chemistry;
organometallic reagents; oxidation and
reduction chapter 21 aldehydes and ketones-
nucleophilic addition chapter 22 carboxylic acids
and their derivatives-
nucleophilic acyl substitution
chapter 23 substitution reactions of carbonyl compounds at the
a carbon
chapter 24 carbonyl condensation reactions
chapter 25 amines
chapter 26 carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic
synthesis
chapter 27 peri cyclic reactions
chapter 28 carbohydrates
chapter 29 amino acids and proteins
chapter 30 synthetic
,lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
, lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
Structure And Bonding 1-1
Chapter 1: Structure And Bonding
Chapter Review
Important Facts
• THE GENERAL RULE OF BONDING: ATOMS STRIVE TO ATTAIN A COMPLETE
OUTER SHELL OF VALENCE ELECTRONS
(SECTION 1.2). H "WANTS" 2 ELECTRONS. SECOND-ROW ELEMENTS "WANT" 8 ELECTRONS.
1 .. .. ..
-H -C- -N- -0- -~: X=F,CI,BR,I
I I
USUAL NUMBER
OF BONDS IN
NEUTRAL
ATOMS
- 1 4 3 2
NUMBER OF
NONBONDED
ELECTRON
- 0
1° 2 3 I
PAIRS
THE SUM (# OF BONDS + # OF LONE PAIRS) = 4 FOR ALL ELEMENTS EXCEPT H.
• FORMAL CHARGE (FC) IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS ON AN ATOM AND THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IT "OWNS" (SECTION
1.3C). SEE SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.3 FOR A STEPWISE EXAMPLE.
NUMBER NUMBER OF
FORMAL OF VALENCE
DEFINITI ELECTRONS AN
CHARGE ELECTRONS
ON: ATOM "OWNS"
=
EXAMPLES: I -C-
+
1-
-C- -C:
I I I
• C SHARES 8 • C SHARES 6 • C SHARES 6 ELECTRONS.
ELECTRONS. ELECTRONS. • C HAS 2 UNSHARED ELECTRONS.
• C "OWNS" 4 • C "OWNS" 3 • C "OWNS" 5 ELECTRONS.
ELECTRONS. ELECTRONS. • FC =-1
• FC =0 • FC = +1
• CURVED ARROW NOTATION SHOWS THE MOVEMENT OF AN ELECTRON PAIR. THE
TAIL OF THE ARROW ALWAYS BEGINS AT AN ELECTRON PAIR, EITHER IN A BOND
OR A LONE PAIR. THE HEAD POINTS TO WHERE THE ELECTRON PAIR "MOVES"
(SECTION 1.6).
MOVE ~N ELECTRON
~.j USE AN ELECTRON PAIR TO FORM
:0:
A DOUBLE BOND.
PAIR TO O. -- "-.:.~I I
C .. - C
H" 'N: H/ ""N:
I I
H H
• ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL PLOTS ARE COLOR-CODED MAPS OF ELECTRON
DENSITY, INDICATING ELECTRON RICH (RED)
AND ELECTRON DEFICIENT (BLUE) REGIONS (SECTION 1.12).
SOLUTIONS MANUAL FOR
Organic Chemistry 6th Edition
By Janice Gorzynski Smith (Author) Latest Update
Graded A+
, LOMOAR CPSD| 8608603
contents
chapter 1 structure and bonding
chapter 2 acids and bases
chapter 3 introduction to organic molecules and functional
groups
chapter 4 alkanes
chapter 5 stereochemistry
chapter 6 understanding organic reactions
chapter 7 alkyl halides and nucleophilic
substitution chapter 8 alkyl halides and
elimination reactions chapter 9 alcohols,
ethers, and related compounds chapter 10
alkenes
chapter 11 alkynes
chapter 12 oxidation and reduction chapter
13 mass spectrometry and infrared
spectroscopy chapter 14 nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy chapter 15 radical
reactions
chapter 16 conjugation, resonance, and
dienes chapter 17 benzene and aromatic
compounds chapter 18 reactions of
aromatic compounds
chapter 19 carboxylic acids and the acidity of the o-h bond
chapter 20 introduction to carbonyl chemistry;
organometallic reagents; oxidation and
reduction chapter 21 aldehydes and ketones-
nucleophilic addition chapter 22 carboxylic acids
and their derivatives-
nucleophilic acyl substitution
chapter 23 substitution reactions of carbonyl compounds at the
a carbon
chapter 24 carbonyl condensation reactions
chapter 25 amines
chapter 26 carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic
synthesis
chapter 27 peri cyclic reactions
chapter 28 carbohydrates
chapter 29 amino acids and proteins
chapter 30 synthetic
,lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
, lOMoAR cPSD| 8608603
Structure And Bonding 1-1
Chapter 1: Structure And Bonding
Chapter Review
Important Facts
• THE GENERAL RULE OF BONDING: ATOMS STRIVE TO ATTAIN A COMPLETE
OUTER SHELL OF VALENCE ELECTRONS
(SECTION 1.2). H "WANTS" 2 ELECTRONS. SECOND-ROW ELEMENTS "WANT" 8 ELECTRONS.
1 .. .. ..
-H -C- -N- -0- -~: X=F,CI,BR,I
I I
USUAL NUMBER
OF BONDS IN
NEUTRAL
ATOMS
- 1 4 3 2
NUMBER OF
NONBONDED
ELECTRON
- 0
1° 2 3 I
PAIRS
THE SUM (# OF BONDS + # OF LONE PAIRS) = 4 FOR ALL ELEMENTS EXCEPT H.
• FORMAL CHARGE (FC) IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS ON AN ATOM AND THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IT "OWNS" (SECTION
1.3C). SEE SAMPLE PROBLEM 1.3 FOR A STEPWISE EXAMPLE.
NUMBER NUMBER OF
FORMAL OF VALENCE
DEFINITI ELECTRONS AN
CHARGE ELECTRONS
ON: ATOM "OWNS"
=
EXAMPLES: I -C-
+
1-
-C- -C:
I I I
• C SHARES 8 • C SHARES 6 • C SHARES 6 ELECTRONS.
ELECTRONS. ELECTRONS. • C HAS 2 UNSHARED ELECTRONS.
• C "OWNS" 4 • C "OWNS" 3 • C "OWNS" 5 ELECTRONS.
ELECTRONS. ELECTRONS. • FC =-1
• FC =0 • FC = +1
• CURVED ARROW NOTATION SHOWS THE MOVEMENT OF AN ELECTRON PAIR. THE
TAIL OF THE ARROW ALWAYS BEGINS AT AN ELECTRON PAIR, EITHER IN A BOND
OR A LONE PAIR. THE HEAD POINTS TO WHERE THE ELECTRON PAIR "MOVES"
(SECTION 1.6).
MOVE ~N ELECTRON
~.j USE AN ELECTRON PAIR TO FORM
:0:
A DOUBLE BOND.
PAIR TO O. -- "-.:.~I I
C .. - C
H" 'N: H/ ""N:
I I
H H
• ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL PLOTS ARE COLOR-CODED MAPS OF ELECTRON
DENSITY, INDICATING ELECTRON RICH (RED)
AND ELECTRON DEFICIENT (BLUE) REGIONS (SECTION 1.12).
