HTHS 2230 Final Exam Questions and
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
atrophy; pathophysiology - Answer __ is decrease in cell size; it is a sign of __ rather than
successful adaptation
atrophy - Answer __ is a maladaptive cellular change that is usually caused by disease or
ischemia; may also result from diminished nerve stimulation or poor nutrition
hypertrophy - Answer __ is an increase is mass of the cell but not the number of cells
cardiac, skeletal, kidneys - Answer hypertrophy is common in __ and __ muscle, as well as
the __
proteins - Answer hypertrophy in cardiac and skeletal muscle is due to an increase in the
amount of ___ in the cells
hyperplasia; cell division - Answer __ is an increase in the number of cells of a tissue or
organ from increased rate of __ __
uterus - Answer the __ is an example of tissue that goes through hypertrophy & hyperplasia
metaplasia - Answer __ is an adaptive substitution to a different, tougher cell line
hypertrophied, hyperplastic - Answer cells that go through metaplasia usually change to a _
or __ tissue
ciliated columnar; stratified squamous - Answer an example of metaplasia is when the ___
___ cells in respiratory tract of a smoker are replaced with __ __ cells
dysplasia; precancerous - Answer __ is a cellular adaptation to an abnormal cell line; this is a
__ change
dysplasia - Answer __ is a cellular change caused by persistent injury or irritation progressing
toward neoplasia
, dysplasia - Answer changes in the cervical cells due to HPV and the bronchial cells due to
smoking are examples of __
filtration - Answer __ is the delivery of oxygen, glucose, other nutrients from the blood to
the cells
reabsorption - Answer __ is the movement of CO2, acid, urea, other waste products from
the tissues to the blood to be excreted
hydrostatic pressure; pushing - Answer ___ is the pressure from the "pump" that pushes
blood around; it exerts a __ force
osmotic pressure; pulling - Answer __ is the concentration force of water trying to dilute out
higher concentration of solutes in the blood; it has a __ effect
tissues; blood - Answer osmotic pressure forces water from the __ to the ___
permeability - Answer __ is how many and how large the holes are in the capillaries
permeability - Answer inflammation, burns, allergies can increase the __ of capillaries
osmotic; hydrostatic; arteriole; venule - Answer ___ pressure remains about the same
through the capillaries, but the __ pressure drops; this allows delivery of nutrients on the __
side and pick up of wastes on the __ side
+9, 33, 24 - Answer on the arteriole side, normal net filtration into the tissues is __, because
hydrostatic pressure is about __ and net osmotic pressure is about ___
-8, 17, 25 - Answer on the venule side, normal net reabsorption into the bloodstream is __,
because hydrostatic pressure is about __ and net osmotic pressure is about ___
lymphatic - Answer net filtration +9 and net reabsoprtion -8 at the capillaries leaves +1 - this
amount is what is taken up by the __ system
edema; dehydration - Answer __ is when filtration is greater than reabsorption; __ is when
reabsorption is greater than filtration
increased; BHP, edema - Answer hypertension will cause __ filtration rate at the capillaries
(because the __ pressure increases), leading to __ of the tissues
All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
atrophy; pathophysiology - Answer __ is decrease in cell size; it is a sign of __ rather than
successful adaptation
atrophy - Answer __ is a maladaptive cellular change that is usually caused by disease or
ischemia; may also result from diminished nerve stimulation or poor nutrition
hypertrophy - Answer __ is an increase is mass of the cell but not the number of cells
cardiac, skeletal, kidneys - Answer hypertrophy is common in __ and __ muscle, as well as
the __
proteins - Answer hypertrophy in cardiac and skeletal muscle is due to an increase in the
amount of ___ in the cells
hyperplasia; cell division - Answer __ is an increase in the number of cells of a tissue or
organ from increased rate of __ __
uterus - Answer the __ is an example of tissue that goes through hypertrophy & hyperplasia
metaplasia - Answer __ is an adaptive substitution to a different, tougher cell line
hypertrophied, hyperplastic - Answer cells that go through metaplasia usually change to a _
or __ tissue
ciliated columnar; stratified squamous - Answer an example of metaplasia is when the ___
___ cells in respiratory tract of a smoker are replaced with __ __ cells
dysplasia; precancerous - Answer __ is a cellular adaptation to an abnormal cell line; this is a
__ change
dysplasia - Answer __ is a cellular change caused by persistent injury or irritation progressing
toward neoplasia
, dysplasia - Answer changes in the cervical cells due to HPV and the bronchial cells due to
smoking are examples of __
filtration - Answer __ is the delivery of oxygen, glucose, other nutrients from the blood to
the cells
reabsorption - Answer __ is the movement of CO2, acid, urea, other waste products from
the tissues to the blood to be excreted
hydrostatic pressure; pushing - Answer ___ is the pressure from the "pump" that pushes
blood around; it exerts a __ force
osmotic pressure; pulling - Answer __ is the concentration force of water trying to dilute out
higher concentration of solutes in the blood; it has a __ effect
tissues; blood - Answer osmotic pressure forces water from the __ to the ___
permeability - Answer __ is how many and how large the holes are in the capillaries
permeability - Answer inflammation, burns, allergies can increase the __ of capillaries
osmotic; hydrostatic; arteriole; venule - Answer ___ pressure remains about the same
through the capillaries, but the __ pressure drops; this allows delivery of nutrients on the __
side and pick up of wastes on the __ side
+9, 33, 24 - Answer on the arteriole side, normal net filtration into the tissues is __, because
hydrostatic pressure is about __ and net osmotic pressure is about ___
-8, 17, 25 - Answer on the venule side, normal net reabsorption into the bloodstream is __,
because hydrostatic pressure is about __ and net osmotic pressure is about ___
lymphatic - Answer net filtration +9 and net reabsoprtion -8 at the capillaries leaves +1 - this
amount is what is taken up by the __ system
edema; dehydration - Answer __ is when filtration is greater than reabsorption; __ is when
reabsorption is greater than filtration
increased; BHP, edema - Answer hypertension will cause __ filtration rate at the capillaries
(because the __ pressure increases), leading to __ of the tissues
