NSG 4100 – Exam 1 (2026) Practice Exam
Actual Questions With Verified Answers |
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Introduction
This exam is designed to assess the knowledge and clinical reasoning skills of advanced nursing
students in NSG 4100. It covers key topics including pathophysiology, pharmacology, patient
assessment, acute and chronic disease management, preventive care, patient safety, and
ethical decision-making.
Each question includes the correct answer in bold and a rationale, allowing students to review
concepts, strengthen clinical reasoning, and prepare effectively for the course exam.
Instructions:
Read each question carefully and select the best answer.
Use the rationales to understand evidence-based nursing practice and clinical decision-
making.
Questions 1–114
Q1. What is the primary goal of evidence-based nursing practice?
A. Follow only tradition
B. Integrate research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
C. Prescribe medications without assessment
D. Avoid patient education
Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice ensures care is scientifically
validated, clinically effective, and tailored to patient needs.
Q2. Which lab value is most concerning in a patient with acute kidney
injury?
,A. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
B. Creatinine 3.2 mg/dL
C. Sodium 140 mEq/L
D. WBC 6 ×10^3/µL
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated creatinine indicates renal impairment, requiring
urgent monitoring and intervention.
Q3. Which nursing intervention is priority for a patient with hypoglycemia?
A. Assess pain
B. Administer fast-acting glucose
C. Schedule labs
D. Document only
Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid glucose administration prevents neuroglycopenic
complications.
Q4. Which patient scenario indicates possible sepsis?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Hypotension, fever, and tachycardia
C. Routine check-up
D. Low-grade headache
Answer: B
Rationale: These are classic signs of early sepsis and require urgent
intervention.
Q5. Which nursing action demonstrates patient-centered care?
A. Mandating treatment
B. Collaborating with patients on care planning
C. Ignoring patient preference
D. Skipping education
,Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes shared decision-making.
Q6. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a post-op patient?
A. Mild incisional pain
B. Normal vitals
C. BP 80/50 mmHg with tachycardia
D. Slight swelling
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypotension and tachycardia suggest possible hemorrhage
or shock.
Q7. Which laboratory result indicates risk for bleeding?
A. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L
C. Platelets 20 ×10^3/µL
D. WBC 6 ×10^3/µL
Answer: C
Rationale: Low platelet count increases risk for spontaneous bleeding.
Q8. Which symptom in a COPD patient indicates poor control?
A. Occasional cough
B. Frequent rescue inhaler use
C. Normal oxygen saturation
D. Mild fatigue
Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent inhaler use shows suboptimal disease
management.
, Q9. Which action is a priority for a patient with acute chest pain?
A. Assess diet
B. Monitor ABCs and call for emergency intervention
C. Schedule routine labs
D. Provide cough syrup
Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain may indicate MI or other cardiac emergencies.
Q10. Which lab value indicates hyperkalemia?
A. Potassium 4 mEq/L
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L
C. Potassium 6.2 mEq/L
D. Calcium 9 mg/dL
Answer: C
Rationale: Potassium >5.0 mEq/L can cause life-threatening
arrhythmias.
Q11. Which intervention reduces risk of pressure ulcers?
A. Avoid repositioning
B. Repositioning every 2 hours and skin assessment
C. Limit fluids
D. Tight clothing
Answer: B
Rationale: Regular repositioning prevents skin breakdown in immobile
patients.
Q12. Which patient requires urgent evaluation for stroke?
A. Headache only
B. Sudden unilateral weakness and slurred speech
C. Low-grade fever
D. Mild fatigue
Actual Questions With Verified Answers |
Instant Pdf Download
Introduction
This exam is designed to assess the knowledge and clinical reasoning skills of advanced nursing
students in NSG 4100. It covers key topics including pathophysiology, pharmacology, patient
assessment, acute and chronic disease management, preventive care, patient safety, and
ethical decision-making.
Each question includes the correct answer in bold and a rationale, allowing students to review
concepts, strengthen clinical reasoning, and prepare effectively for the course exam.
Instructions:
Read each question carefully and select the best answer.
Use the rationales to understand evidence-based nursing practice and clinical decision-
making.
Questions 1–114
Q1. What is the primary goal of evidence-based nursing practice?
A. Follow only tradition
B. Integrate research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
preferences
C. Prescribe medications without assessment
D. Avoid patient education
Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice ensures care is scientifically
validated, clinically effective, and tailored to patient needs.
Q2. Which lab value is most concerning in a patient with acute kidney
injury?
,A. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
B. Creatinine 3.2 mg/dL
C. Sodium 140 mEq/L
D. WBC 6 ×10^3/µL
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated creatinine indicates renal impairment, requiring
urgent monitoring and intervention.
Q3. Which nursing intervention is priority for a patient with hypoglycemia?
A. Assess pain
B. Administer fast-acting glucose
C. Schedule labs
D. Document only
Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid glucose administration prevents neuroglycopenic
complications.
Q4. Which patient scenario indicates possible sepsis?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Hypotension, fever, and tachycardia
C. Routine check-up
D. Low-grade headache
Answer: B
Rationale: These are classic signs of early sepsis and require urgent
intervention.
Q5. Which nursing action demonstrates patient-centered care?
A. Mandating treatment
B. Collaborating with patients on care planning
C. Ignoring patient preference
D. Skipping education
,Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered care emphasizes shared decision-making.
Q6. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a post-op patient?
A. Mild incisional pain
B. Normal vitals
C. BP 80/50 mmHg with tachycardia
D. Slight swelling
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypotension and tachycardia suggest possible hemorrhage
or shock.
Q7. Which laboratory result indicates risk for bleeding?
A. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L
C. Platelets 20 ×10^3/µL
D. WBC 6 ×10^3/µL
Answer: C
Rationale: Low platelet count increases risk for spontaneous bleeding.
Q8. Which symptom in a COPD patient indicates poor control?
A. Occasional cough
B. Frequent rescue inhaler use
C. Normal oxygen saturation
D. Mild fatigue
Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent inhaler use shows suboptimal disease
management.
, Q9. Which action is a priority for a patient with acute chest pain?
A. Assess diet
B. Monitor ABCs and call for emergency intervention
C. Schedule routine labs
D. Provide cough syrup
Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain may indicate MI or other cardiac emergencies.
Q10. Which lab value indicates hyperkalemia?
A. Potassium 4 mEq/L
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L
C. Potassium 6.2 mEq/L
D. Calcium 9 mg/dL
Answer: C
Rationale: Potassium >5.0 mEq/L can cause life-threatening
arrhythmias.
Q11. Which intervention reduces risk of pressure ulcers?
A. Avoid repositioning
B. Repositioning every 2 hours and skin assessment
C. Limit fluids
D. Tight clothing
Answer: B
Rationale: Regular repositioning prevents skin breakdown in immobile
patients.
Q12. Which patient requires urgent evaluation for stroke?
A. Headache only
B. Sudden unilateral weakness and slurred speech
C. Low-grade fever
D. Mild fatigue
