BIOD 121 EXAMS MODULES 1 TO 6 AND FINAL
VERSIONS 1 AND 2 ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION
2026 FROM PORTAGE LEARNING
©Type of Evidence of Evolution Each Example Demonstrates:
a. Extinct/living members of the horse family.
b. Gill ridges in human & fish embryos.
c. Camera eye of squids & humans.
d. Kale, broccoli, & cabbage.
e. Darwin's finches.
f. Endemic island species.
g. Mouthparts of different insects.
h. Different types of cattle.
i. Wings of butterflies & birds. Answer: a. Fossil record
b. Homology
c. Convergent evolution
,d. Selective breeding
e. Biogeography
f. Biogeography
g. Homology
h. Selective breeding
i. Convergent evolution
©T/F Regarding Selective Breeding.
a. Selective breeding is also called artificial selection.
b. Environmental factors are important in selective breeding.
c. Selective breeding will always result in organisms that are well-
adapted to their environment.
d. Selective breeding causes mutations in a population.
e. Selective breeding can only act on genetic variation that is already
present in a population. Answer: a. True
b. False
,c. False
d. False
e. True
©Convergent Trait Examples: Answer: - long snout of egg laying
echindna & placental giant anteater.
- flippers of dolphins & fins of fish.
- webbed feet of ducks & otters.
- true roots & root-like stems (rhizomes) of plants.
©Not Convergent Trait Examples: Answer: - cactus spine & tree leaf.
- tailbone of human & tail of dogs.
- wings of bats & flippers of whales.
©Examples of Vestigial Structures in Humans: Answer: - tailbone
- ear muscles
©T/F: All living individuals evolve during their lifetime. Answer: False
, ©What is needed for natural selection to occur? Answer: - variation in
traits.
- differential reproduction.
- traits that can be passed from parent to offspring.
©What is NOT true of the process of natural selection? Answer: for
natural selection to operate, individuals within a population must
produce equal numbers of surviving offspring.
©What is the benefit to the receiving bacterial cell of horizontal gene
transfer? Answer: the bacteria might receive a gene that aids its survival.
©Vertical gene transfer: Answer: is the transfer of DNA during normal
cell division.
©Horizontal gene transfer: Answer: is the transfer of DNA between
different genomes.
©Fitness is a measure of the _______ of a particular genotype in a
population. Answer: reproductive success
©A gene pool consists of: Answer: all alleles for all genes in a
population.
VERSIONS 1 AND 2 ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION
2026 FROM PORTAGE LEARNING
©Type of Evidence of Evolution Each Example Demonstrates:
a. Extinct/living members of the horse family.
b. Gill ridges in human & fish embryos.
c. Camera eye of squids & humans.
d. Kale, broccoli, & cabbage.
e. Darwin's finches.
f. Endemic island species.
g. Mouthparts of different insects.
h. Different types of cattle.
i. Wings of butterflies & birds. Answer: a. Fossil record
b. Homology
c. Convergent evolution
,d. Selective breeding
e. Biogeography
f. Biogeography
g. Homology
h. Selective breeding
i. Convergent evolution
©T/F Regarding Selective Breeding.
a. Selective breeding is also called artificial selection.
b. Environmental factors are important in selective breeding.
c. Selective breeding will always result in organisms that are well-
adapted to their environment.
d. Selective breeding causes mutations in a population.
e. Selective breeding can only act on genetic variation that is already
present in a population. Answer: a. True
b. False
,c. False
d. False
e. True
©Convergent Trait Examples: Answer: - long snout of egg laying
echindna & placental giant anteater.
- flippers of dolphins & fins of fish.
- webbed feet of ducks & otters.
- true roots & root-like stems (rhizomes) of plants.
©Not Convergent Trait Examples: Answer: - cactus spine & tree leaf.
- tailbone of human & tail of dogs.
- wings of bats & flippers of whales.
©Examples of Vestigial Structures in Humans: Answer: - tailbone
- ear muscles
©T/F: All living individuals evolve during their lifetime. Answer: False
, ©What is needed for natural selection to occur? Answer: - variation in
traits.
- differential reproduction.
- traits that can be passed from parent to offspring.
©What is NOT true of the process of natural selection? Answer: for
natural selection to operate, individuals within a population must
produce equal numbers of surviving offspring.
©What is the benefit to the receiving bacterial cell of horizontal gene
transfer? Answer: the bacteria might receive a gene that aids its survival.
©Vertical gene transfer: Answer: is the transfer of DNA during normal
cell division.
©Horizontal gene transfer: Answer: is the transfer of DNA between
different genomes.
©Fitness is a measure of the _______ of a particular genotype in a
population. Answer: reproductive success
©A gene pool consists of: Answer: all alleles for all genes in a
population.
