CITI Training Quiz Latest 2025/2026 Questions and
Answer -s (Verified Answer -s)
CITI Training Practice Quiz – Sample (High-Yield, Most-Tested)
1–5: Human Subjects Research & Ethics
1. A researcher wants to conduct a study on patients’ medication adherence in a clinic. Which
principle of the Belmont Report is primarily concerned with minimizing risks and maximizing
benefits?
A. Respect for Persons
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Confidentiality
Answer -: B – Beneficence
Explanation: Beneficence focuses on minimizing harm and maximizing benefits for participants.
2. A study includes participants under 18 years old. Which ethical consideration applies?
A. Informed consent only from participants
B. Parental permission and assent from minors
C. Assent is optional
D. Only verbal consent from the minor
Answer -: B – Parental permission + minor assent
Explanation: Minors cannot provide full legal consent; both parental permission and child
assent are required.
3. A researcher uses data collected from a prior study without participant consent. This is
allowed only if:
,A. Participants are unaware
B. The IRB determines it qualifies for exemption or waiver of consent
C. The data is published
D. The researcher deletes identifiers
Answer -: B – IRB waiver or exemption
Explanation: Using existing data without consent requires IRB approval under specific
conditions.
4. Justice in research ethics primarily concerns:
A. Equal treatment of participants and fair selection
B. Maintaining confidentiality
C. Ensuring voluntary consent
D. Minimizing harm
Answer -: A – Fair participant selection
Explanation: Justice requires equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens.
5. A researcher wants to recruit only male participants to a study that could include females.
Which principle might this violate?
A. Respect for Persons
B. Justice
C. Beneficence
D. Confidentiality
Answer -: B – Justice
Explanation: Excluding eligible populations without scientific justification is unethical.
6–10: Informed Consent & Confidentiality
6. Which element is required for valid informed consent?
A. Understanding risks and benefits
B. Voluntary participation
C. Comprehension of study purpose
D. All of the above
Answer -: D – All of the above
Explanation: All elements ensure participants can make an informed choice.
, 7. A participant expresses concern about data privacy. Best response:
A. Ignore concerns
B. Explain confidentiality measures and data protections
C. Tell them privacy is optional
D. Promise absolute secrecy without IRB oversight
Answer -: B – Explain confidentiality measures
Explanation: Participants must understand how their data will be protected.
8. A researcher collects PHI (protected health information) for a study. Which law governs its
use?
A. OSHA
B. HIPAA
C. FERPA
D. Common Rule
Answer -: B – HIPAA
Explanation: HIPAA protects identifiable health information in research.
9. When using anonymized data with no identifiers, consent may:
A. Still be required
B. Often be waived by the IRB
C. Always require written consent
D. Never be waived
Answer -: B – Often waived by IRB
Explanation: De-identified data typically poses minimal risk; consent can be waived.
10. Which action protects participant confidentiality?
A. Store paper forms in locked cabinets
B. Use coded identifiers instead of names
C. Limit access to research team
D. All of the above
Answer -: D – All of the above
Explanation: Multiple safeguards maintain privacy and data security.
11–15: IRB & Regulatory Compliance
Answer -s (Verified Answer -s)
CITI Training Practice Quiz – Sample (High-Yield, Most-Tested)
1–5: Human Subjects Research & Ethics
1. A researcher wants to conduct a study on patients’ medication adherence in a clinic. Which
principle of the Belmont Report is primarily concerned with minimizing risks and maximizing
benefits?
A. Respect for Persons
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Confidentiality
Answer -: B – Beneficence
Explanation: Beneficence focuses on minimizing harm and maximizing benefits for participants.
2. A study includes participants under 18 years old. Which ethical consideration applies?
A. Informed consent only from participants
B. Parental permission and assent from minors
C. Assent is optional
D. Only verbal consent from the minor
Answer -: B – Parental permission + minor assent
Explanation: Minors cannot provide full legal consent; both parental permission and child
assent are required.
3. A researcher uses data collected from a prior study without participant consent. This is
allowed only if:
,A. Participants are unaware
B. The IRB determines it qualifies for exemption or waiver of consent
C. The data is published
D. The researcher deletes identifiers
Answer -: B – IRB waiver or exemption
Explanation: Using existing data without consent requires IRB approval under specific
conditions.
4. Justice in research ethics primarily concerns:
A. Equal treatment of participants and fair selection
B. Maintaining confidentiality
C. Ensuring voluntary consent
D. Minimizing harm
Answer -: A – Fair participant selection
Explanation: Justice requires equitable distribution of research benefits and burdens.
5. A researcher wants to recruit only male participants to a study that could include females.
Which principle might this violate?
A. Respect for Persons
B. Justice
C. Beneficence
D. Confidentiality
Answer -: B – Justice
Explanation: Excluding eligible populations without scientific justification is unethical.
6–10: Informed Consent & Confidentiality
6. Which element is required for valid informed consent?
A. Understanding risks and benefits
B. Voluntary participation
C. Comprehension of study purpose
D. All of the above
Answer -: D – All of the above
Explanation: All elements ensure participants can make an informed choice.
, 7. A participant expresses concern about data privacy. Best response:
A. Ignore concerns
B. Explain confidentiality measures and data protections
C. Tell them privacy is optional
D. Promise absolute secrecy without IRB oversight
Answer -: B – Explain confidentiality measures
Explanation: Participants must understand how their data will be protected.
8. A researcher collects PHI (protected health information) for a study. Which law governs its
use?
A. OSHA
B. HIPAA
C. FERPA
D. Common Rule
Answer -: B – HIPAA
Explanation: HIPAA protects identifiable health information in research.
9. When using anonymized data with no identifiers, consent may:
A. Still be required
B. Often be waived by the IRB
C. Always require written consent
D. Never be waived
Answer -: B – Often waived by IRB
Explanation: De-identified data typically poses minimal risk; consent can be waived.
10. Which action protects participant confidentiality?
A. Store paper forms in locked cabinets
B. Use coded identifiers instead of names
C. Limit access to research team
D. All of the above
Answer -: D – All of the above
Explanation: Multiple safeguards maintain privacy and data security.
11–15: IRB & Regulatory Compliance
