ARDMS Abdomen MOCK exam|
251 QUESTIONS Exam Study
Guide: Questions and Verified
Answers. Latest 2026 Update
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal
veins? Correct Answer: Biliary obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed
Correct Answer: 3 mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow
within a fluid collection, classic sonographic findings of a common
femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain.
Ultrasound demonstrates prominence in the stomach rugae. These
findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain
is most suspicious for gastritis. Hypervascular, thick gastric walls are
sonographic findings associated with gastric ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? Correct
Answer: Duodenal obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation,
duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst
formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute pancreatitis.
,A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this
duplex image are most suspicious for which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior
wall of the urinary bladder. Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with
a history of painless hematuria. Based on the clinical history, the
sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which
of the following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Dilated common bile
duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common
bile duct resulting in dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in
the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an Correct Answer:
Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the
pancreas. This is most likely a pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and
islet cell tumors appear as hypoechoic masses on ultrasound. A
pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not the most
likely pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse
sonogram? Correct Answer: Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism?
Correct Answer: Muscle cramps
,Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms
may include weight gain, mental and physical lethargy, arthritis, skin
dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and decreased heart rate.
Symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism include weight
loss, palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors,
increased heart rate, and intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The
sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult
demonstrating a hypoechoic intratesticular mass. The patient is afebrile
excluding a testicular abscess from the differential considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the
following terms best describes the sonographic findings? Correct
Answer: Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe
as demonstrating an irregular and heterogeneous echo texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying
the Correct Answer: coronary ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic
space from the subhepatic space. This is consistent with the right
coronary ligament. The right coronary ligament serves as a barrier
between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Patent umbilical vein
, The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the
liver parenchyma of the left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein.
Gastric varices are generally located to the left of midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Portal hypertension
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating Correct Answer:
retrograde flow.
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer,
displaying a waveform above the baseline (antegrade). In this case, the
blood is flowing away from the transducer back toward the spleen
(retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into
two compartments? Correct Answer: Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left
compartments. The left coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the
liver from the diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver
function tests. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram most likely
demonstrates Correct Answer: fatty infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient
demonstrating diffusely echogenic liver parenchyma. In addition, the
portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the
foramen of Correct Answer: Winslow
251 QUESTIONS Exam Study
Guide: Questions and Verified
Answers. Latest 2026 Update
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal
veins? Correct Answer: Biliary obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed
Correct Answer: 3 mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow
within a fluid collection, classic sonographic findings of a common
femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain.
Ultrasound demonstrates prominence in the stomach rugae. These
findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain
is most suspicious for gastritis. Hypervascular, thick gastric walls are
sonographic findings associated with gastric ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? Correct
Answer: Duodenal obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation,
duodenal obstruction, hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst
formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute pancreatitis.
,A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this
duplex image are most suspicious for which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior
wall of the urinary bladder. Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with
a history of painless hematuria. Based on the clinical history, the
sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which
of the following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Dilated common bile
duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common
bile duct resulting in dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in
the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an Correct Answer:
Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the
pancreas. This is most likely a pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and
islet cell tumors appear as hypoechoic masses on ultrasound. A
pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not the most
likely pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse
sonogram? Correct Answer: Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism?
Correct Answer: Muscle cramps
,Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms
may include weight gain, mental and physical lethargy, arthritis, skin
dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and decreased heart rate.
Symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism include weight
loss, palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors,
increased heart rate, and intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The
sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult
demonstrating a hypoechoic intratesticular mass. The patient is afebrile
excluding a testicular abscess from the differential considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the
following terms best describes the sonographic findings? Correct
Answer: Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe
as demonstrating an irregular and heterogeneous echo texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying
the Correct Answer: coronary ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic
space from the subhepatic space. This is consistent with the right
coronary ligament. The right coronary ligament serves as a barrier
between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the
following abnormalities? Correct Answer: Patent umbilical vein
, The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the
liver parenchyma of the left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein.
Gastric varices are generally located to the left of midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following
pathologies? Correct Answer: Portal hypertension
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating Correct Answer:
retrograde flow.
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer,
displaying a waveform above the baseline (antegrade). In this case, the
blood is flowing away from the transducer back toward the spleen
(retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into
two compartments? Correct Answer: Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left
compartments. The left coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the
liver from the diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver
function tests. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram most likely
demonstrates Correct Answer: fatty infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient
demonstrating diffusely echogenic liver parenchyma. In addition, the
portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the
foramen of Correct Answer: Winslow
