MARYVILLE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
◉ What neurotransmitter do cholinergics mimic? Answer:
acetycholine
◉ direct acting cholinergics Answer: pilocar (pilocarpine)
reglan (metoclopramide)
Urecholine (bethanechol chloride)
◉ Side effects of cholinergics Answer: BUDGES
B-bradycardia
U-urinary incontinence
D- diarrhea, diaphoresis
G- GI cramps
E- emesis
S- Salivation
◉ What are cholinergics used to treat? Answer: glaucoma,
myasthenia gravis, Alzheimers, food poisoning, over doses.
◉ Pharmacokinetcs Answer: what the body does to the drug
,*absorption
*distribution
*biotransformation
*elimination
◉ Mechanism of action Answer: drug binds to a cellular receptor
(reversible action). Drug binding is selective, so not all drugs bind to
all receptors.
◉ Agonist Answer: binds and produces a response
◉ antagonist Answer: binds and blocks an activity or a response.
◉ Movement of drugs through the cell Answer: Phospholipid bilayer
is composed of lipids and proteins. Allows most lipid soluble
compounds to pass. The cell membrane has protein molecules that
act as carrier molecules to pass the drug through.
◉ Passive diffusion Answer: molecules can move from one side of a
barrier to the other without expending energy.
*molecules move down a concentration gradient from high to low.
*passive diffusion only works if the drug molecule is nonionized and
has the same pH.
, ◉ Active transport Answer: *requires the use of energy.
Membrane proteins act as carrier molecules.
For drugs to be carried by the proteins the drugs must share some
molecular similarities.
◉ Enteral absorption Answer: *oral route
* non-ionized drugs diffuse passively down a concentration gradient
in the GI tract from a high concentration in the GI to a low
concentration in the blood.
◉ Bioavailability Answer: A measure of the extent of drug
absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
*The fraction of the drug that actually reaches systemic circulation.
◉ Bioavailability is dependent on: Answer: solubility-is it lipid or
water soluble
chemical structure
size-large molecules won't cross the membrane as well
polarity- the charge of the molecule. Dependent on the charge inside
the cell.
presystemic biotransformation
◉ First pass metabolism Answer: presystemic biotransformation.
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
◉ What neurotransmitter do cholinergics mimic? Answer:
acetycholine
◉ direct acting cholinergics Answer: pilocar (pilocarpine)
reglan (metoclopramide)
Urecholine (bethanechol chloride)
◉ Side effects of cholinergics Answer: BUDGES
B-bradycardia
U-urinary incontinence
D- diarrhea, diaphoresis
G- GI cramps
E- emesis
S- Salivation
◉ What are cholinergics used to treat? Answer: glaucoma,
myasthenia gravis, Alzheimers, food poisoning, over doses.
◉ Pharmacokinetcs Answer: what the body does to the drug
,*absorption
*distribution
*biotransformation
*elimination
◉ Mechanism of action Answer: drug binds to a cellular receptor
(reversible action). Drug binding is selective, so not all drugs bind to
all receptors.
◉ Agonist Answer: binds and produces a response
◉ antagonist Answer: binds and blocks an activity or a response.
◉ Movement of drugs through the cell Answer: Phospholipid bilayer
is composed of lipids and proteins. Allows most lipid soluble
compounds to pass. The cell membrane has protein molecules that
act as carrier molecules to pass the drug through.
◉ Passive diffusion Answer: molecules can move from one side of a
barrier to the other without expending energy.
*molecules move down a concentration gradient from high to low.
*passive diffusion only works if the drug molecule is nonionized and
has the same pH.
, ◉ Active transport Answer: *requires the use of energy.
Membrane proteins act as carrier molecules.
For drugs to be carried by the proteins the drugs must share some
molecular similarities.
◉ Enteral absorption Answer: *oral route
* non-ionized drugs diffuse passively down a concentration gradient
in the GI tract from a high concentration in the GI to a low
concentration in the blood.
◉ Bioavailability Answer: A measure of the extent of drug
absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
*The fraction of the drug that actually reaches systemic circulation.
◉ Bioavailability is dependent on: Answer: solubility-is it lipid or
water soluble
chemical structure
size-large molecules won't cross the membrane as well
polarity- the charge of the molecule. Dependent on the charge inside
the cell.
presystemic biotransformation
◉ First pass metabolism Answer: presystemic biotransformation.
