MDC 3 Final Review 2 – EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
where is the apical pulse located? - ANSWER 5th intercoastal space mid clavicular line
a noninvasive ultrasound test is used to measure, and examine what? - ANSWER - measure
the ejection fraction
- examine the size, shape, and motion of cardiac structures -- chamber enlargement, valve
changes, ventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion
what are characteristics of supraventricular tachycardia..... HR? P/QRS waves? - ANSWER
heart rate > 150bpm , buried p wave, narrow QRS
what are symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia? (5) - ANSWER palpitations/fluttering,
shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, syncope
what are resolutions/interventions for supra-ventricular tachycardia? (4) - ANSWER - vagal
maneuvers
- synchronized cardioversion
- resolve underlying condition
-adenosine
atrial fibrillation puts you at risk for what? what are the sxs? (3) - ANSWER rapid ventricular
rate (RVR) .... sxs include palpitations, dyspnea, and fatigue
, what medication class do we give to control rate (RVR)? - ANSWER beta blockers or calcium
channel blockers
- beta blockers must assess for decreased cardiac output
- calcium channel blockers for rate control
what is another alternative to antithrombotic medications for atrial fibrillation ? what
procedure? - ANSWER left atrial appendage occlusion
what is a lethal rhythm? and what do we do? - ANSWER - VTACH/V-FIB
- begin CPR - DEFIBRILLATE
Synchronized cardioversion is used for what EKG rhythms? (3) - ANSWER SVT, Afib with RVR,
VT with pulse
If cardioverting, turn synchronizer on (look for green light above QRS complex on zoll
monitor)...... what else do we keep in mind? (3) must... - ANSWER - must synch with QRS to
avoid discharge on the T wave
- will have visible indication on EKG monitor
-MUST manually reactivate if another cycle is required
assessing pacemaker malfunction analyze EKG, may need ..... - ANSWER may need
interrogation if patient is experiencing intermittent palpitations and dizziness and the EKG
shows the pacemaker is failing to capture- MUST contact provider
what are the components of metabolic syndrome (cluster of conditions that increase risk for
chronic heart disease...) ? (5) - ANSWER - waist circumference
- elevated triglycerides
,- reduced HDL <40- males, <50- females
-hypertension and/or currently being treated for hypertension
- elevated fasting glucose level >= 100 or more than 2 times
what does controlled cholesterol look like? LDL ? total cholesterol? HDL? Triglyceride? -
ANSWER - LDL cholesterol less then 100 mg/dL (less than 70 mg/dL for very high risk
patients)
- total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL
- HDL cholesterol greater than 40 mg/dL for males and greater than 50 mg/dL for females
- triglyceride less then 150 mg/dL
-HDL is "good", LDL is "bad"
what kind of diets help prevent CAD (coronary artery disease)? (3) - ANSWER -
mediterranean diet or plant foods (fruit, vegetables, whole grain breads
- fish
- minimal intake of red meat
what kind of activity helps prevent CAD? - ANSWER regular physical activity
what are 3 lifestyle changes for patients with high cholesterol.....? - ANSWER dietary
changes, exercise, and taking medications as prescribed
any topical medication must be applied to what skin? (3) - ANSWER clean, dry, hairless skin
beta-adrenergic blocking agents (olol medications) do what to the heart? HR? Conduction? BP?
Myocardial contractility? not advised with patients with___________? - ANSWER reduction
in heart rate, slowed conduction of impulses through the conduction system, decreased blood
pressure, and reduced myocardial contractility
, **not advised with patients with asthma
chest pain occurs ____________ and continues despite ____________. what does the skin
look/feel like? May report pain radiating to ______, ________,_________, or _____________. -
ANSWER - occurs suddenly and continues despite rest
- cool, pale skin (diaphoresis)
- may report pain radiating to jaw, back, shoulder, or abdomen
What are the ECG changes in an assessment of the patient with ACS (acute coronary syndrome)
? lab studies will show? - ANSWER - elevated in the ST segment in two contiguous leads is a
key diagnostic indicator for MI
- positive troponin markers
how do we relieve pain and signs and symptoms of ischemia? - ANSWER physical rest with
elevation of the head
how do we improve respiratory function ? - ANSWER use of pulse oximetry
what are 2 nursing interventions for the patient with ACS? - ANSWER -alleviate anxiety
- monitor blood pressure and administer medications
what do we monitor post procedure for cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER monitor
insertion site (usually radial or femoral) for bleeding or hematoma
what do we monitor for post heart transplant? - ANSWER cardiac dysthymias
With aortic regurgitation what do we find on assessment? what happens to the blood
pressure? - ANSWER widening pulse pressure, decreased diastolic BP
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
where is the apical pulse located? - ANSWER 5th intercoastal space mid clavicular line
a noninvasive ultrasound test is used to measure, and examine what? - ANSWER - measure
the ejection fraction
- examine the size, shape, and motion of cardiac structures -- chamber enlargement, valve
changes, ventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion
what are characteristics of supraventricular tachycardia..... HR? P/QRS waves? - ANSWER
heart rate > 150bpm , buried p wave, narrow QRS
what are symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia? (5) - ANSWER palpitations/fluttering,
shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, syncope
what are resolutions/interventions for supra-ventricular tachycardia? (4) - ANSWER - vagal
maneuvers
- synchronized cardioversion
- resolve underlying condition
-adenosine
atrial fibrillation puts you at risk for what? what are the sxs? (3) - ANSWER rapid ventricular
rate (RVR) .... sxs include palpitations, dyspnea, and fatigue
, what medication class do we give to control rate (RVR)? - ANSWER beta blockers or calcium
channel blockers
- beta blockers must assess for decreased cardiac output
- calcium channel blockers for rate control
what is another alternative to antithrombotic medications for atrial fibrillation ? what
procedure? - ANSWER left atrial appendage occlusion
what is a lethal rhythm? and what do we do? - ANSWER - VTACH/V-FIB
- begin CPR - DEFIBRILLATE
Synchronized cardioversion is used for what EKG rhythms? (3) - ANSWER SVT, Afib with RVR,
VT with pulse
If cardioverting, turn synchronizer on (look for green light above QRS complex on zoll
monitor)...... what else do we keep in mind? (3) must... - ANSWER - must synch with QRS to
avoid discharge on the T wave
- will have visible indication on EKG monitor
-MUST manually reactivate if another cycle is required
assessing pacemaker malfunction analyze EKG, may need ..... - ANSWER may need
interrogation if patient is experiencing intermittent palpitations and dizziness and the EKG
shows the pacemaker is failing to capture- MUST contact provider
what are the components of metabolic syndrome (cluster of conditions that increase risk for
chronic heart disease...) ? (5) - ANSWER - waist circumference
- elevated triglycerides
,- reduced HDL <40- males, <50- females
-hypertension and/or currently being treated for hypertension
- elevated fasting glucose level >= 100 or more than 2 times
what does controlled cholesterol look like? LDL ? total cholesterol? HDL? Triglyceride? -
ANSWER - LDL cholesterol less then 100 mg/dL (less than 70 mg/dL for very high risk
patients)
- total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL
- HDL cholesterol greater than 40 mg/dL for males and greater than 50 mg/dL for females
- triglyceride less then 150 mg/dL
-HDL is "good", LDL is "bad"
what kind of diets help prevent CAD (coronary artery disease)? (3) - ANSWER -
mediterranean diet or plant foods (fruit, vegetables, whole grain breads
- fish
- minimal intake of red meat
what kind of activity helps prevent CAD? - ANSWER regular physical activity
what are 3 lifestyle changes for patients with high cholesterol.....? - ANSWER dietary
changes, exercise, and taking medications as prescribed
any topical medication must be applied to what skin? (3) - ANSWER clean, dry, hairless skin
beta-adrenergic blocking agents (olol medications) do what to the heart? HR? Conduction? BP?
Myocardial contractility? not advised with patients with___________? - ANSWER reduction
in heart rate, slowed conduction of impulses through the conduction system, decreased blood
pressure, and reduced myocardial contractility
, **not advised with patients with asthma
chest pain occurs ____________ and continues despite ____________. what does the skin
look/feel like? May report pain radiating to ______, ________,_________, or _____________. -
ANSWER - occurs suddenly and continues despite rest
- cool, pale skin (diaphoresis)
- may report pain radiating to jaw, back, shoulder, or abdomen
What are the ECG changes in an assessment of the patient with ACS (acute coronary syndrome)
? lab studies will show? - ANSWER - elevated in the ST segment in two contiguous leads is a
key diagnostic indicator for MI
- positive troponin markers
how do we relieve pain and signs and symptoms of ischemia? - ANSWER physical rest with
elevation of the head
how do we improve respiratory function ? - ANSWER use of pulse oximetry
what are 2 nursing interventions for the patient with ACS? - ANSWER -alleviate anxiety
- monitor blood pressure and administer medications
what do we monitor post procedure for cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER monitor
insertion site (usually radial or femoral) for bleeding or hematoma
what do we monitor for post heart transplant? - ANSWER cardiac dysthymias
With aortic regurgitation what do we find on assessment? what happens to the blood
pressure? - ANSWER widening pulse pressure, decreased diastolic BP
