NSG 3850, Patho 2 Exam 1 Study
Guide Questions With 100% Verified
Solutions
Hypernatremia may be caused by
a. decreased aldosterone secretion.
b. decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion.
c. compulsive water drinking.
d. excessive dietary potassium. - ANSWER -b. decreased antidiuretic hormone
secretion.
Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include
a. weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
b. thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
c. confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
d. cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. - ANSWER -c.
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include
a. weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
b. thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
c. confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
d. cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. - ANSWER -a. weak
pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is
a. metabolic alkalosis.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypokalemia.
d. hypophosphatemia. - ANSWER -b. Hyperkalemia
A known cause of hypokalemia is
a. oliguric renal failure.
,b. pancreatitis.
c. insulin overdose.
d. hyperparathyroidism. - ANSWER -c. insulin overdose.
Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include
a. confusion.
b. excitation.
c. insomnia.
d. hallucinations. - ANSWER -a. confusion
Total body water in older adults is
a. increased because of decreased adipose tissue and decreased bone mass.
b. increased because of decreased renal function and hormonal fluctuations.
c. decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass.
d. decreased because of renal changes that cause diuresis with sodium excretion. -
ANSWER -c. decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle
mass.
Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include
a. muscle spasms and rapid respirations.
b. muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
c. confusion and irritability.
d. vomiting and diarrhea. - ANSWER -b. muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
a. tachycardia.
b. increased serum sodium concentration.
c. bounding pulse.
d. increased hematocrit. - ANSWER -c. Bounding pulse
Hyperaldosteronism causes
a. ECV deficit and hyperkalemia.
b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
c. hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
, d. excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration. -
ANSWER -b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
a. self-administers a daily tap water enema to manage a partial bowel obstruction.
b. receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
c. has ectopic production of ADH from small cell carcinoma of the lung.
d. is receiving IV 0.9% NaCl at a fast rate. - ANSWER -b. receives tube feedings
because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is
throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
a. ―Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria.
b. ―If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated.
c. ―If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably
dehydrated.‖
d. ―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated. - ANSWER -d.
―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
When providing teaching to new parents about fluid and electrolytes in their
newborn, what information does the nurse include?
a. Infants are prone to dehydration because their body water content is so small.
b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid loss after birth.
c. Crying children become dehydrated quickly due to respiratory fluid loss.
d. Adding extra powdered formula when mixing a bottle will help baby conserve
fluid. - ANSWER -b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid
loss after birth.
For general good health, the nurse advises the older patient to do which of the
following?
a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
b. If laxatives are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
Guide Questions With 100% Verified
Solutions
Hypernatremia may be caused by
a. decreased aldosterone secretion.
b. decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion.
c. compulsive water drinking.
d. excessive dietary potassium. - ANSWER -b. decreased antidiuretic hormone
secretion.
Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include
a. weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
b. thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
c. confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
d. cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. - ANSWER -c.
confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include
a. weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
b. thirst, dry mucous membranes, and diarrhea.
c. confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures.
d. cardiac dysrhythmias, paresthesias, and muscle weakness. - ANSWER -a. weak
pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is
a. metabolic alkalosis.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hypokalemia.
d. hypophosphatemia. - ANSWER -b. Hyperkalemia
A known cause of hypokalemia is
a. oliguric renal failure.
,b. pancreatitis.
c. insulin overdose.
d. hyperparathyroidism. - ANSWER -c. insulin overdose.
Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include
a. confusion.
b. excitation.
c. insomnia.
d. hallucinations. - ANSWER -a. confusion
Total body water in older adults is
a. increased because of decreased adipose tissue and decreased bone mass.
b. increased because of decreased renal function and hormonal fluctuations.
c. decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass.
d. decreased because of renal changes that cause diuresis with sodium excretion. -
ANSWER -c. decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle
mass.
Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include
a. muscle spasms and rapid respirations.
b. muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
c. confusion and irritability.
d. vomiting and diarrhea. - ANSWER -b. muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
a. tachycardia.
b. increased serum sodium concentration.
c. bounding pulse.
d. increased hematocrit. - ANSWER -c. Bounding pulse
Hyperaldosteronism causes
a. ECV deficit and hyperkalemia.
b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
c. hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
, d. excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration. -
ANSWER -b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
a. self-administers a daily tap water enema to manage a partial bowel obstruction.
b. receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
c. has ectopic production of ADH from small cell carcinoma of the lung.
d. is receiving IV 0.9% NaCl at a fast rate. - ANSWER -b. receives tube feedings
because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is
throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
a. ―Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria.
b. ―If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated.
c. ―If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably
dehydrated.‖
d. ―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated. - ANSWER -d.
―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
When providing teaching to new parents about fluid and electrolytes in their
newborn, what information does the nurse include?
a. Infants are prone to dehydration because their body water content is so small.
b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid loss after birth.
c. Crying children become dehydrated quickly due to respiratory fluid loss.
d. Adding extra powdered formula when mixing a bottle will help baby conserve
fluid. - ANSWER -b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid
loss after birth.
For general good health, the nurse advises the older patient to do which of the
following?
a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
b. If laxatives are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
