D469 - Quality, Continuous Improvement, and
Lean Six Sigma 2026-Questions All Solved (A Pass)
2026 Update
Appraisal costs
Costs of measuring, testing, and analyzing materials, parts, products, and the productive process
to make sure they conform to design specifications.
Benchmark
A level of quality achievement established by one company that other companies seek to achieve
(i.e., a goal).
Black Belt
In a Six Sigma program, the leader of a quality improvement project; a full-time position.
breakthrough strategy
In Six Sigma, a five-step process for improvement projects: define, measure, analyze, improve,
and control.
cause-and-effect diagram or fishbone diagram
A graphical description of the elements of a specific quality problem.
cause-and-effect matrix
A grid used to prioritize causes of quality problems.
champion
A member of top management who is responsible for project success in a Six Sigma program.
,Cost Index
The ratio of quality cost to manufacturing cost.
design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
A systematic methodology to design products and processes that meet customer expectations and
can be produced at Six Sigma quality levels.
DMADV
Define, measure, analyze, design, and verify.
external failure costs
Costs of poor quality incurred after the product gets to the customer; that is, customer service,
lost sales, and so on.
fitness for use
A measure of how well a product or service does what the consumer thinks it is supposed to do
and wants it to do.
Green Belt
In a Six Sigma program, a project team member, a part-time position.
index numbers
Ratios that measure quality costs relative to some base accounting values such as sales or
product units.
internal failure costs
, Costs of poor-quality products discovered during the production process—that is, scrap, rework,
and the like.
Kaizen
Involving everyone in the workplace in a process of gradual, organized, and continuous
improvement.
labor index
The ratio of quality cost to direct labor hours.
Lean Six Sigma
Integrating Six Sigma and lean systems.
Master Black Belt
In a Six Sigma program, a teacher and mentor for Black Belts; a full-time position.
Pareto analysis
A method for identifying the causes of poor quality, which usually shows that most quality
problems result from only a few causes.
participative problem solving
Involving employees directly in the quality-management process to identify and solve problems.
Partnering
A relationship between a company and its supplier based on mutual quality standards.
prevention costs
Lean Six Sigma 2026-Questions All Solved (A Pass)
2026 Update
Appraisal costs
Costs of measuring, testing, and analyzing materials, parts, products, and the productive process
to make sure they conform to design specifications.
Benchmark
A level of quality achievement established by one company that other companies seek to achieve
(i.e., a goal).
Black Belt
In a Six Sigma program, the leader of a quality improvement project; a full-time position.
breakthrough strategy
In Six Sigma, a five-step process for improvement projects: define, measure, analyze, improve,
and control.
cause-and-effect diagram or fishbone diagram
A graphical description of the elements of a specific quality problem.
cause-and-effect matrix
A grid used to prioritize causes of quality problems.
champion
A member of top management who is responsible for project success in a Six Sigma program.
,Cost Index
The ratio of quality cost to manufacturing cost.
design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
A systematic methodology to design products and processes that meet customer expectations and
can be produced at Six Sigma quality levels.
DMADV
Define, measure, analyze, design, and verify.
external failure costs
Costs of poor quality incurred after the product gets to the customer; that is, customer service,
lost sales, and so on.
fitness for use
A measure of how well a product or service does what the consumer thinks it is supposed to do
and wants it to do.
Green Belt
In a Six Sigma program, a project team member, a part-time position.
index numbers
Ratios that measure quality costs relative to some base accounting values such as sales or
product units.
internal failure costs
, Costs of poor-quality products discovered during the production process—that is, scrap, rework,
and the like.
Kaizen
Involving everyone in the workplace in a process of gradual, organized, and continuous
improvement.
labor index
The ratio of quality cost to direct labor hours.
Lean Six Sigma
Integrating Six Sigma and lean systems.
Master Black Belt
In a Six Sigma program, a teacher and mentor for Black Belts; a full-time position.
Pareto analysis
A method for identifying the causes of poor quality, which usually shows that most quality
problems result from only a few causes.
participative problem solving
Involving employees directly in the quality-management process to identify and solve problems.
Partnering
A relationship between a company and its supplier based on mutual quality standards.
prevention costs
