NUR109
Foundations of Nursing Practice
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. A patient with sepsis develops hypotension despite fluid resuscitation.
Which nursing action is priority?
- A. Administer vasopressors as ordered
- B. Encourage oral fluids
- C. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
- D. Restrict IV fluids
Answer: A
Rationale: Vasopressors restore perfusion when fluids fail;
Trendelenburg is outdated and unsafe.
2. A nurse is preparing to insert a Foley catheter. Which step ensures
aseptic technique?
- A. Wearing clean gloves
- B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining sterile field
- C. Cleaning perineum with soap and water only
- D. Asking patient to void before insertion
Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents catheter‑associated infections.
3. Which nursing intervention best prevents ventilator‑associated
pneumonia (VAP)?
- A. Maintain supine position
- B. Provide oral care with chlorhexidine
- C. Limit suctioning
- D. Increase sedation
Answer: B
Rationale: Oral care reduces bacterial colonization.
4. A patient with a chest tube suddenly develops subcutaneous
emphysema. What is the nurse’s priority?
- A. Clamp the chest tube
2
, - B. Notify provider immediately
- C. Increase suction pressure
- D. Encourage coughing
Answer: B
Rationale: Subcutaneous emphysema indicates tube malfunction or
leak requiring urgent evaluation.
5. Which principle underlies evidence‑based practice in nursing?
- A. Reliance on tradition
- B. Integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
values
- C. Following physician orders only
- D. Using anecdotal experience
Answer: B
Rationale: EBP combines research, expertise, and patient preferences.
6. A patient with a central line develops fever and chills. Which nursing
action is priority?
- A. Administer antipyretics
- B. Obtain blood cultures from line and peripheral site
- C. Encourage fluids
- D. Apply warm compresses
Answer: B
Rationale: Cultures identify catheter‑related bloodstream infection.
7. Which ethical principle is applied when a nurse respects a patient’s
decision to refuse treatment?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the right to make informed decisions.
3
Foundations of Nursing Practice
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. A patient with sepsis develops hypotension despite fluid resuscitation.
Which nursing action is priority?
- A. Administer vasopressors as ordered
- B. Encourage oral fluids
- C. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
- D. Restrict IV fluids
Answer: A
Rationale: Vasopressors restore perfusion when fluids fail;
Trendelenburg is outdated and unsafe.
2. A nurse is preparing to insert a Foley catheter. Which step ensures
aseptic technique?
- A. Wearing clean gloves
- B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining sterile field
- C. Cleaning perineum with soap and water only
- D. Asking patient to void before insertion
Answer: B
Rationale: Sterile technique prevents catheter‑associated infections.
3. Which nursing intervention best prevents ventilator‑associated
pneumonia (VAP)?
- A. Maintain supine position
- B. Provide oral care with chlorhexidine
- C. Limit suctioning
- D. Increase sedation
Answer: B
Rationale: Oral care reduces bacterial colonization.
4. A patient with a chest tube suddenly develops subcutaneous
emphysema. What is the nurse’s priority?
- A. Clamp the chest tube
2
, - B. Notify provider immediately
- C. Increase suction pressure
- D. Encourage coughing
Answer: B
Rationale: Subcutaneous emphysema indicates tube malfunction or
leak requiring urgent evaluation.
5. Which principle underlies evidence‑based practice in nursing?
- A. Reliance on tradition
- B. Integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient
values
- C. Following physician orders only
- D. Using anecdotal experience
Answer: B
Rationale: EBP combines research, expertise, and patient preferences.
6. A patient with a central line develops fever and chills. Which nursing
action is priority?
- A. Administer antipyretics
- B. Obtain blood cultures from line and peripheral site
- C. Encourage fluids
- D. Apply warm compresses
Answer: B
Rationale: Cultures identify catheter‑related bloodstream infection.
7. Which ethical principle is applied when a nurse respects a patient’s
decision to refuse treatment?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the right to make informed decisions.
3
