WCU PHYS 261 - Lab Final Practicum
Questions With Answers 2026/2027
1. What are the phases of mitosis? - ANSWER-interphase, early prophase, late
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
2. Interphase - ANSWER-- normal metabolic functions
- Not part of mitosis
- 3 stages (G1, S, G2)
3. 3 Stages of Interphase - ANSWER-G1 - centrioles begin replicating
S - DNA is replicated
G2 - centrioles finish replicating
4. Early Prophase - ANSWER-- chromatin condenses
- Sister chromatids held together by centromere
- Mitotic spindle (centrosomes)
5. Late Prophase - ANSWER-- nuclear envelope breaks up
- Chromosomes drawn to the middle of the cell
6. Metaphase - ANSWER-- chromosomes line up at the equator
- Enzymes separate the chromatids
7. Anaphase - ANSWER-- shortest phase
- Centromeres split
- Chromatids -> chromosomes
- Microtubules pull chromosomes to poles
8. Telophase - ANSWER-- prophase in reverse
- Chromosomes uncoil -> chromatin
- New nuclear envelope forms
- Spindle breaks down
- End of mitosis
9. Cytokinesis - ANSWER-- actin microfilaments forms cleavage furrow
- Division of cytoplasm
, 10.Molecular motion - ANSWER-- random and erratic
- Kinetic energy
11.Passive transport - ANSWER-movement driven by concentration/pressure
differences
- Equalizes gradient
12.Active transport - ANSWER-cell provides energy to power movement
13.Diffusion - ANSWER-movement of molecules from region of higher
concentration to lower concentration
- Driving force is kinetic energy
14.Potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy
(molecules want to move with the concentration gradient = high potential
energy)
15.Simple diffusion - ANSWER-unassisted diffusion of solutes through the
selectively permeable membrane
16.Facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-process of diffusion in which molecules
pass across the membrane with a protein carrier molecule
17.Osmosis - ANSWER-flow of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
Area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration
18.Egg Diffusion Lab - ANSWER-- egg concentration: 14%
- 2 beakers (water and 30% sucrose)
- Egg 1: got bigger (hemolyzed)
- Egg 2: got smaller (crenated)
19.Why did egg #1 get bigger? - ANSWER-the solution (water) was hypotonic
-> water moved inside cell
20.Why did egg #2 get smaller? - ANSWER-the solution (30% sucrose) was
hypertonic -> water moved outside of cell
21.Hypotonic solution - ANSWER-higher solute concentration inside
Questions With Answers 2026/2027
1. What are the phases of mitosis? - ANSWER-interphase, early prophase, late
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
2. Interphase - ANSWER-- normal metabolic functions
- Not part of mitosis
- 3 stages (G1, S, G2)
3. 3 Stages of Interphase - ANSWER-G1 - centrioles begin replicating
S - DNA is replicated
G2 - centrioles finish replicating
4. Early Prophase - ANSWER-- chromatin condenses
- Sister chromatids held together by centromere
- Mitotic spindle (centrosomes)
5. Late Prophase - ANSWER-- nuclear envelope breaks up
- Chromosomes drawn to the middle of the cell
6. Metaphase - ANSWER-- chromosomes line up at the equator
- Enzymes separate the chromatids
7. Anaphase - ANSWER-- shortest phase
- Centromeres split
- Chromatids -> chromosomes
- Microtubules pull chromosomes to poles
8. Telophase - ANSWER-- prophase in reverse
- Chromosomes uncoil -> chromatin
- New nuclear envelope forms
- Spindle breaks down
- End of mitosis
9. Cytokinesis - ANSWER-- actin microfilaments forms cleavage furrow
- Division of cytoplasm
, 10.Molecular motion - ANSWER-- random and erratic
- Kinetic energy
11.Passive transport - ANSWER-movement driven by concentration/pressure
differences
- Equalizes gradient
12.Active transport - ANSWER-cell provides energy to power movement
13.Diffusion - ANSWER-movement of molecules from region of higher
concentration to lower concentration
- Driving force is kinetic energy
14.Potential energy - ANSWER-stored energy
(molecules want to move with the concentration gradient = high potential
energy)
15.Simple diffusion - ANSWER-unassisted diffusion of solutes through the
selectively permeable membrane
16.Facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-process of diffusion in which molecules
pass across the membrane with a protein carrier molecule
17.Osmosis - ANSWER-flow of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
Area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration
18.Egg Diffusion Lab - ANSWER-- egg concentration: 14%
- 2 beakers (water and 30% sucrose)
- Egg 1: got bigger (hemolyzed)
- Egg 2: got smaller (crenated)
19.Why did egg #1 get bigger? - ANSWER-the solution (water) was hypotonic
-> water moved inside cell
20.Why did egg #2 get smaller? - ANSWER-the solution (30% sucrose) was
hypertonic -> water moved outside of cell
21.Hypotonic solution - ANSWER-higher solute concentration inside
