Second World War: 1939 – 1945
1. Largest war in history
2. Many more countries and territories involved
3. 70 million people died
4. Massive economic cost
5. Genocide of Jews and Gypsies
6. Europe, North Africa, East Asia, the Atlantic and the Pacific
Axis Powers Allied Powers Neutral Countries
Germany, Italy, Japan France, United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
United States, USSR, Australia, Portugal, Turkey, amongst
New Zealand, Canada, Greece, others
South Africa, amongst others
and colonies
(Minor Axis Allies: Hungary,
Yugoslavia, Finland, amongst
others)
Underlying Causes:
WWI and the Treaty Of Versailles Rise of Totalitarianism Policy of Appeasement
WWII was a continuation of WWI: A repressive political system in which the Western dermocracies tried to appease or
underlying causes had not been resolved state and leader controls virtually every pacify Hitler when he started re-arming
[national rivalry and competition] aspect of society: individual is secondary to Germsny and extending Germany power
Treaty of Versailles was dictated peace by the state and individual liberties not 1933: Hitler withdrew Germany from the
the Germans: war guilt clause, reparations, important League of Nations
loss of territory and reduction in army was Political parties are banned, no voting rights, 1935: Announced conscription and created
humiliating no free speech, the press and economy are an air force. Britain signed a naval
Weimar Government was weak and lacked state controlled agreement with Germany instead of
legitimacy Personality cult around the leader: police or protesting
Post-War economic hardships: Great military states Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and
Depression (1929 - 1939) Facism [Italy, Mussolini], Nazism [Germany, Emperor Haille Selassie went into exile
Hitler], Stalinist communism [USSR, Stalin] 1936: Hitler militarised the Rhineland
and Militarism [Japan, Hirohito and Tojo] [borders of France and Belgium] and the
other powers did nothing
1938: Annex Austria and then Sudetenland
Germany, France, Italy. and Great Britian
met in Munich - Munich Agreement
Why: Fear of another war, fear of
communism was greater than Hitler, trust
and honour
Policy of appeasement failed: Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939
® Before: Hitler signed an agreement with Stalin to divide Poland between Germany and USSR
® Neutralised a threat on the eastern front to concentrate military resources on the western front
® Invasion marks the beginning of WWII
® France and Britain declare war on Germany but only took military action when Hitler began to
invade the western front
® April 1940: invaded and conquered Denmark followed by Norway, the Netherlands and
Belgium
, ® In May he attacked France and occupied by the end of June 8, 2020 The. Battle of Britain was
an air battle between the two countries fought by the air forces
Hitler:
® National Socialism: Nazism
® National Socialist German Worker’s Party [political party]: Nazis
Alpine Race: French and Italians
Leader of Nazi Party in 1921:
were considered degenerate and
was established in 1919 and
others like Russians, Slavs and
compirsed of smaller nationalist Aryan Race: German,
eastern Europeans were inferior:
organisations. Were ultra Scandinavian and Britons.
slaves for the master race. Jews
nationalist, racist and adovcated
became victims of irrational
for supremacy of the herrenvolk
hatred
Hitler believed that Germany
should incorporate all German
speaking people and blamed
1923: Led the Beer Hall Putsch,
His treaty with Stalin to divide Jews, Marxists and government
an unsuccessful uprising in
Poland was motivated by officials for the defeat of
Munich against the Weimar
political and military strategy as germany. A Jewish Conspiracy
Government. Hitler was
he believed the USSR would not was to control the world. He
imprisoned for treason and wrote
enter the war believed the Marxists, Social
Mein Kampf
Democrats and Weimer
Government were controlled by
Jews
Hitler believe the extermination
of the weak and sick was The unemployed and property 1932: Nazi Party won elections
humane [survival of the fittest - owners supported the Nazi party and Hitler became Chancellor in
the master race] as there would and Hitler in context of economic January 1933. Forced the
be space for the master race to hardship Reichstag to appoint him Fuhrer
grow. Argued for Lebensraum.
Extensive economic
reconstruction strengthened the
German economy. Public works Expelled Communist party and
1936: German economy was projects created employment, banned all others. Nazis took
significantly stronger and had businesses were given contracts over every aspect of
improved to manufacture arms and women government. 1934: Germany
were encouraged to go back to was the Third Reich
their homes and free up jobs for
men
1. Largest war in history
2. Many more countries and territories involved
3. 70 million people died
4. Massive economic cost
5. Genocide of Jews and Gypsies
6. Europe, North Africa, East Asia, the Atlantic and the Pacific
Axis Powers Allied Powers Neutral Countries
Germany, Italy, Japan France, United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
United States, USSR, Australia, Portugal, Turkey, amongst
New Zealand, Canada, Greece, others
South Africa, amongst others
and colonies
(Minor Axis Allies: Hungary,
Yugoslavia, Finland, amongst
others)
Underlying Causes:
WWI and the Treaty Of Versailles Rise of Totalitarianism Policy of Appeasement
WWII was a continuation of WWI: A repressive political system in which the Western dermocracies tried to appease or
underlying causes had not been resolved state and leader controls virtually every pacify Hitler when he started re-arming
[national rivalry and competition] aspect of society: individual is secondary to Germsny and extending Germany power
Treaty of Versailles was dictated peace by the state and individual liberties not 1933: Hitler withdrew Germany from the
the Germans: war guilt clause, reparations, important League of Nations
loss of territory and reduction in army was Political parties are banned, no voting rights, 1935: Announced conscription and created
humiliating no free speech, the press and economy are an air force. Britain signed a naval
Weimar Government was weak and lacked state controlled agreement with Germany instead of
legitimacy Personality cult around the leader: police or protesting
Post-War economic hardships: Great military states Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and
Depression (1929 - 1939) Facism [Italy, Mussolini], Nazism [Germany, Emperor Haille Selassie went into exile
Hitler], Stalinist communism [USSR, Stalin] 1936: Hitler militarised the Rhineland
and Militarism [Japan, Hirohito and Tojo] [borders of France and Belgium] and the
other powers did nothing
1938: Annex Austria and then Sudetenland
Germany, France, Italy. and Great Britian
met in Munich - Munich Agreement
Why: Fear of another war, fear of
communism was greater than Hitler, trust
and honour
Policy of appeasement failed: Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939
® Before: Hitler signed an agreement with Stalin to divide Poland between Germany and USSR
® Neutralised a threat on the eastern front to concentrate military resources on the western front
® Invasion marks the beginning of WWII
® France and Britain declare war on Germany but only took military action when Hitler began to
invade the western front
® April 1940: invaded and conquered Denmark followed by Norway, the Netherlands and
Belgium
, ® In May he attacked France and occupied by the end of June 8, 2020 The. Battle of Britain was
an air battle between the two countries fought by the air forces
Hitler:
® National Socialism: Nazism
® National Socialist German Worker’s Party [political party]: Nazis
Alpine Race: French and Italians
Leader of Nazi Party in 1921:
were considered degenerate and
was established in 1919 and
others like Russians, Slavs and
compirsed of smaller nationalist Aryan Race: German,
eastern Europeans were inferior:
organisations. Were ultra Scandinavian and Britons.
slaves for the master race. Jews
nationalist, racist and adovcated
became victims of irrational
for supremacy of the herrenvolk
hatred
Hitler believed that Germany
should incorporate all German
speaking people and blamed
1923: Led the Beer Hall Putsch,
His treaty with Stalin to divide Jews, Marxists and government
an unsuccessful uprising in
Poland was motivated by officials for the defeat of
Munich against the Weimar
political and military strategy as germany. A Jewish Conspiracy
Government. Hitler was
he believed the USSR would not was to control the world. He
imprisoned for treason and wrote
enter the war believed the Marxists, Social
Mein Kampf
Democrats and Weimer
Government were controlled by
Jews
Hitler believe the extermination
of the weak and sick was The unemployed and property 1932: Nazi Party won elections
humane [survival of the fittest - owners supported the Nazi party and Hitler became Chancellor in
the master race] as there would and Hitler in context of economic January 1933. Forced the
be space for the master race to hardship Reichstag to appoint him Fuhrer
grow. Argued for Lebensraum.
Extensive economic
reconstruction strengthened the
German economy. Public works Expelled Communist party and
1936: German economy was projects created employment, banned all others. Nazis took
significantly stronger and had businesses were given contracts over every aspect of
improved to manufacture arms and women government. 1934: Germany
were encouraged to go back to was the Third Reich
their homes and free up jobs for
men
