HSCO 506 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE WITH FULL
SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ motor development. Answer: Study of the changes in human
motor behavior across the life-span, the processes that underlie
these changes, and the factors that affect them
◉ Study of the changes in human motor behavior across the life-
span, the processes that underlie these changes, and the factors that
affect them
1. Life-span: contraception---- death
2. Processes: How are they transitioning? (brain changes)
3. Factors: Why changes are occurring? (environmental). Answer:
Describe the 3 main components of the definition of motor
development
◉ -role as a parent
-appropriate educational techniques
-clinical interventions (OT/PT, special populations, measure health)
-understanding human nature. Answer: Why should you study
motor development?
,◉ 1. Traditional: researchers only looking at infants and children.
Focused on WHEN different milestones occur
2. Modern: researchers look at entire life-span. Focused on HOW and
WHY they are transitioning. Answer: Describe the Traditional and
the Modern view of motor development
◉ 1) Prenatal: Conception- birth (can be one of the most influential
times development)
2) Infancy: Birth- first steps (12 months)
-neonatal period: birth- 22 days
3) Toddlerhood: ones of walking (12 months)- 4 years, characterized
by immature walking
4) Childhood: age 4 years- puberty
-early childhood: 4-7 years
-middle childhood: 7-9 years
-late childhood: 9-puberty
5) Adolescence: puberty (11 for girls/ 13 for boys)- reach max
height
6) Early Adulthood: max height (20 for girls/ 22 for boys)- 40 years
7) Middle Adulthood: 40 years- 60 years
8) Late Adulthood: 60 years- death
-old older adult: 80 years and over. Answer: List all of the periods of
lifespan and when they typically occur
,◉ malnourishment. Answer: What is an example of early
deprivation?
◉ -Mom's voice recognition (sucking study: pacifier was used to
track if baby preferred mom's voice)
-Tongue (study: guy stuck out tongue, newborn stuck out tongue
back at him)
-Human face (track a human face (prefer) over a different face or
object). Answer: What do newborns know and how do we know
this?
◉ -nature= genetics/biology
-nurture= environment. Answer: Describe the nature vs. nurture
argument
◉ birth-3yrs. Answer: What does early mean when referring to early
deprivation?
◉ at 6 months of age. Answer: When do infants first comprehend
words?
◉ -Plato- nature, innate knowledge
-Aristotle- nurture, no knowledge at birth (blank tablet)
, -John Locke: "tabula rasa" nurture, blank tablet. Answer: Describe
the Greek philosopher's beliefs on newborns knowledge
◉ 4.5 months. Answer: When does own name comprehension start
for infants?
◉ 1 year. Answer: when does talking occur
◉ true. Answer: true or false: development and intelligence are a
combination of nature and nurture
◉ -extreme view on nature side
-"intelligence only determined by genes"
-Sir Francis Galton- moral obligation to improve human gene pool
-advocated that certain people (with low intelligence) be sterilized.
Answer: Describe the eugenics movement and if it falls into the
extreme nature or nurture side
◉ -extreme view on nature side
-parents can preselect genetic make up of baby (eye color, hair,
intelligence, skills and abilities). Answer: Describe the "designer
baby" concept and if it falls into the extreme nature or nurture side
SOLUTIONS 2026
◉ motor development. Answer: Study of the changes in human
motor behavior across the life-span, the processes that underlie
these changes, and the factors that affect them
◉ Study of the changes in human motor behavior across the life-
span, the processes that underlie these changes, and the factors that
affect them
1. Life-span: contraception---- death
2. Processes: How are they transitioning? (brain changes)
3. Factors: Why changes are occurring? (environmental). Answer:
Describe the 3 main components of the definition of motor
development
◉ -role as a parent
-appropriate educational techniques
-clinical interventions (OT/PT, special populations, measure health)
-understanding human nature. Answer: Why should you study
motor development?
,◉ 1. Traditional: researchers only looking at infants and children.
Focused on WHEN different milestones occur
2. Modern: researchers look at entire life-span. Focused on HOW and
WHY they are transitioning. Answer: Describe the Traditional and
the Modern view of motor development
◉ 1) Prenatal: Conception- birth (can be one of the most influential
times development)
2) Infancy: Birth- first steps (12 months)
-neonatal period: birth- 22 days
3) Toddlerhood: ones of walking (12 months)- 4 years, characterized
by immature walking
4) Childhood: age 4 years- puberty
-early childhood: 4-7 years
-middle childhood: 7-9 years
-late childhood: 9-puberty
5) Adolescence: puberty (11 for girls/ 13 for boys)- reach max
height
6) Early Adulthood: max height (20 for girls/ 22 for boys)- 40 years
7) Middle Adulthood: 40 years- 60 years
8) Late Adulthood: 60 years- death
-old older adult: 80 years and over. Answer: List all of the periods of
lifespan and when they typically occur
,◉ malnourishment. Answer: What is an example of early
deprivation?
◉ -Mom's voice recognition (sucking study: pacifier was used to
track if baby preferred mom's voice)
-Tongue (study: guy stuck out tongue, newborn stuck out tongue
back at him)
-Human face (track a human face (prefer) over a different face or
object). Answer: What do newborns know and how do we know
this?
◉ -nature= genetics/biology
-nurture= environment. Answer: Describe the nature vs. nurture
argument
◉ birth-3yrs. Answer: What does early mean when referring to early
deprivation?
◉ at 6 months of age. Answer: When do infants first comprehend
words?
◉ -Plato- nature, innate knowledge
-Aristotle- nurture, no knowledge at birth (blank tablet)
, -John Locke: "tabula rasa" nurture, blank tablet. Answer: Describe
the Greek philosopher's beliefs on newborns knowledge
◉ 4.5 months. Answer: When does own name comprehension start
for infants?
◉ 1 year. Answer: when does talking occur
◉ true. Answer: true or false: development and intelligence are a
combination of nature and nurture
◉ -extreme view on nature side
-"intelligence only determined by genes"
-Sir Francis Galton- moral obligation to improve human gene pool
-advocated that certain people (with low intelligence) be sterilized.
Answer: Describe the eugenics movement and if it falls into the
extreme nature or nurture side
◉ -extreme view on nature side
-parents can preselect genetic make up of baby (eye color, hair,
intelligence, skills and abilities). Answer: Describe the "designer
baby" concept and if it falls into the extreme nature or nurture side
