SAFE 412 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
EHS is a sunk cost to the organization - ANS Why are EHS professionals not liked in workplace
An ever changing condition in which one attempts to minimize the risk of injury, illness, or
property damage from hazards - ANS Definition: Safety
Source with a potential to cause injury - ANS Hazard
Acts as a linking event between hazard and injury/illness - ANS Unsafe act
Incident (near miss): undesired event that, under different circumstances, could have resulted in
personal hard or property damage
Accident: unplanned and injurious or damagng event which interrupts the normal progress of
an activity, preceded by an unsafe action - ANS Incident vs accident
Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives
and processes to achieve those objectives - ANS Management System (ISO-45001)
Management system or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy -
ANS OH&S Management System (ISO-45001)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions
what causes unsafe acts to occur? : faulty management
or management systems - ANS Near cause of accidents
Know difference of approaches - ANS Approaches
Key point: safety performance can be measured by degree of compliance with regulations
advantage: easy to understand expectations
disadvantage: hazards can still exist that are not covered by regulations - ANS Regulatory
Compliance Approach
Key point: decisions can be reduced to cost/benefit determinations
advantage: approach speaks in language of managers ($$)
disadvantage: indirect cost of accidents are difficult to determine - ANS Loss-
Prevention/Control Approach
Key point: there is an acceptable level of risk (MANAGEMENT + REGULATIONS) > this level of
risk varies among organizations
advantage: more flexible than loss prevention approach in terms of its end goal > its not just
about saving money. its about enhancing reputation, etc.
disadvantage: risk tends to be more qualitative (subjective). = hard to come up with solid
numbers - ANS Risk-Based Safety Approach
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, "Control the system"
Key point: efficiency (productivity), quality, and safety are on the same playing field. = theres
something wrong with the processes if deviations/accidents occur.
advantage: safety becomes part of the business culture, strongly embraces continual
improvement
disadvantage: hard to change culture, takes commitment and time - ANS Quality-Based
Safety Approach
Time is the reason this is hard
Key points: unsafe behaviors lead to incidents and accidents
advantages: statistics support the notion that unsafe workers behaviors are the leading cause of
accidents.
disadvantages: behavior is hard to change: MODEL DOES NOT TYPICALLY ADDRESS
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES - ANS Behavior-Based Safety Approach
Key point: error prone conditions and organization deficiencies lead to human error
Advantages: error prone conditions are observable, predictable, and controllable
Disadvantages: too much emphasis on these error prone conditions versus why these error
prone conditions are allowed - ANS Human Performance Approach
Key point: by controlling management systems you become more safe, by continually improving
systems you reduce risk.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
EHS is a sunk cost to the organization - ANS Why are EHS professionals not liked in workplace
An ever changing condition in which one attempts to minimize the risk of injury, illness, or
property damage from hazards - ANS Definition: Safety
Source with a potential to cause injury - ANS Hazard
Acts as a linking event between hazard and injury/illness - ANS Unsafe act
Incident (near miss): undesired event that, under different circumstances, could have resulted in
personal hard or property damage
Accident: unplanned and injurious or damagng event which interrupts the normal progress of
an activity, preceded by an unsafe action - ANS Incident vs accident
Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies and objectives
and processes to achieve those objectives - ANS Management System (ISO-45001)
Management system or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy -
ANS OH&S Management System (ISO-45001)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Unsafe Acts and Unsafe conditions
what causes unsafe acts to occur? : faulty management
or management systems - ANS Near cause of accidents
Know difference of approaches - ANS Approaches
Key point: safety performance can be measured by degree of compliance with regulations
advantage: easy to understand expectations
disadvantage: hazards can still exist that are not covered by regulations - ANS Regulatory
Compliance Approach
Key point: decisions can be reduced to cost/benefit determinations
advantage: approach speaks in language of managers ($$)
disadvantage: indirect cost of accidents are difficult to determine - ANS Loss-
Prevention/Control Approach
Key point: there is an acceptable level of risk (MANAGEMENT + REGULATIONS) > this level of
risk varies among organizations
advantage: more flexible than loss prevention approach in terms of its end goal > its not just
about saving money. its about enhancing reputation, etc.
disadvantage: risk tends to be more qualitative (subjective). = hard to come up with solid
numbers - ANS Risk-Based Safety Approach
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, "Control the system"
Key point: efficiency (productivity), quality, and safety are on the same playing field. = theres
something wrong with the processes if deviations/accidents occur.
advantage: safety becomes part of the business culture, strongly embraces continual
improvement
disadvantage: hard to change culture, takes commitment and time - ANS Quality-Based
Safety Approach
Time is the reason this is hard
Key points: unsafe behaviors lead to incidents and accidents
advantages: statistics support the notion that unsafe workers behaviors are the leading cause of
accidents.
disadvantages: behavior is hard to change: MODEL DOES NOT TYPICALLY ADDRESS
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES - ANS Behavior-Based Safety Approach
Key point: error prone conditions and organization deficiencies lead to human error
Advantages: error prone conditions are observable, predictable, and controllable
Disadvantages: too much emphasis on these error prone conditions versus why these error
prone conditions are allowed - ANS Human Performance Approach
Key point: by controlling management systems you become more safe, by continually improving
systems you reduce risk.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
