CERTIFIED RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHER PRACTICE EXAM

CERTIFIED RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHER PRACTICE EXAM

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Total Questions: 100

Question Types: Multiple Choice (A-D)

Format: Question + Answer Key + Explanation



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QUESTION 1

What is the primary dye used in fluorescein angiography?

A) Indocyanine green

B) Sodium fluorescein

C) Trypan blue

D) Brilliant blue G



ANSWER: B) Sodium fluorescein

EXPLANATION: Sodium fluorescein is the standard dye for fluorescein angiography, with
peak excitation at 465-490 nm and emission at 520-530 nm.



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QUESTION 2

During fluorescein angiography, what phase typically occurs 10-15 seconds after injection?

A) Choroidal flush

B) Arterial phase

C) Arteriovenous phase

D) Late phase

,ANSWER: B) Arterial phase

EXPLANATION: The arterial phase occurs approximately 10-15 seconds post-injection
when retinal arteries fill completely.



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QUESTION 3

What filter combination is used for standard fluorescein angiography?

A) Excitation 490 nm, Barrier 525 nm

B) Excitation 525 nm, Barrier 590 nm

C) Excitation 805 nm, Barrier 835 nm

D) Excitation 580 nm, Barrier 630 nm



ANSWER: A) Excitation 490 nm, Barrier 525 nm

EXPLANATION: Fluorescein angiography uses excitation filters around 465-490 nm and
barrier filters around 520-530 nm.



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QUESTION 4

Which condition typically shows "dark choroid" on fluorescein angiography?

A) Diabetic retinopathy

B) Central serous chorioretinopathy

C) Stargardt disease

D) Age-related macular degeneration



ANSWER: C) Stargardt disease

EXPLANATION: Stargardt disease often shows a "dark choroid" or "silent choroid" due to
lipofuscin accumulation in RPE cells blocking choroidal fluorescence.

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QUESTION 5

What is the normal retinal circulation time (arm-to-retina)?

A) 5-8 seconds

B) 8-12 seconds

C) 12-15 seconds

D) 15-20 seconds



ANSWER: B) 8-12 seconds

EXPLANATION: Normal retinal circulation time from antecubital vein injection to retinal
artery filling is typically 8-12 seconds.



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QUESTION 6

Which layer of the retina forms the inner blood-retinal barrier?

A) Retinal pigment epithelium

B) Retinal vascular endothelium

C) Bruch's membrane

D) Choriocapillaris



ANSWER: B) Retinal vascular endothelium

EXPLANATION: The retinal vascular endothelial cells with tight junctions form the inner
blood-retinal barrier.



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QUESTION 7

, What percentage of sodium fluorescein binds to plasma proteins?

A) 20-30%

B) 40-50%

C) 60-80%

D) 80-85%



ANSWER: D) 80-85%

EXPLANATION: Approximately 80-85% of sodium fluorescein binds to plasma proteins,
primarily albumin.



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QUESTION 8

Which finding on fluorescein angiography indicates breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier?

A) Hypofluorescence

B) Hyperfluorescence

C) Blocked fluorescence

D) Autofluorescence



ANSWER: B) Hyperfluorescence

EXPLANATION: Hyperfluorescence indicates leakage of dye due to breakdown of the
blood-retinal barrier.



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QUESTION 9

What is the typical dose of 10% sodium fluorescein for adult fluorescein angiography?

A) 1-2 mL

B) 3-5 mL