APHON CHEMO COURSE FINAL STUDY
GUIDE 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS FULLY
CORRECT
⫸ phase 3 clinical trial Answer: attempts to determine if the new
treatment is more effective than the current standard treatment (may
include randomization); requires a large number of patients in a
controlled study; examines toxicity, survival, and quality of life
⫸ phase 4 clinical trial Answer: performed after the medication is
commercially available; looks at the general population; goal is curative;
very rarely used in pediatric oncology; can examine drug to drug
interactions, long term effects, and cost effectiveness
⫸ cell cycle specific agents Answer: agents that exert an effect during a
specific phase of the cell cycle; promote cancer cell death during the
active phases of the cell cycle, most often the S and M phases
⫸ cell cycle nonspecific agents Answer: agents that act against cancer
cells during all phases of the cell cycle
⫸ antimetabolites Answer: agents that are structurally similar analogs to
normal cellular metabolites that interfere with normal cell metabolism,
interacting directly with specific enzymes
, ⫸ metronomic chemotherapy Answer: when a chemotherapy agent is
given at low doses with no breaks
⫸ asparaginases Answer: major side effects: systemic allergic /
anaphylaxis / hypersensitivity reaction; hyperglycemia; pancreatitis;
coagulopathies
⫸ bleomycin Answer: major side effects: pulmonary fibrosis
instruct patients to never scuba dive and avoid use of 100% oxygen for
life
⫸ busulfan Answer: major side effects: mucositis, stomatitis,
hyperpigmentation, seizures, and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
(SOS); hepatotoxicity
⫸ carboplatin Answer: major side effects: hypersensitivity, ototoxicity,
electrolyte abnormalities, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
⫸ carmustine (BCNU) Answer: major side effects: late pulmonary
dysfunction, burning with peripheral administration, prolong
myelosuppression; protect drug from light
⫸ cisplatin Answer: major side effects: nausea / vomiting, anorexia,
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hypomagnesemia
GUIDE 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS FULLY
CORRECT
⫸ phase 3 clinical trial Answer: attempts to determine if the new
treatment is more effective than the current standard treatment (may
include randomization); requires a large number of patients in a
controlled study; examines toxicity, survival, and quality of life
⫸ phase 4 clinical trial Answer: performed after the medication is
commercially available; looks at the general population; goal is curative;
very rarely used in pediatric oncology; can examine drug to drug
interactions, long term effects, and cost effectiveness
⫸ cell cycle specific agents Answer: agents that exert an effect during a
specific phase of the cell cycle; promote cancer cell death during the
active phases of the cell cycle, most often the S and M phases
⫸ cell cycle nonspecific agents Answer: agents that act against cancer
cells during all phases of the cell cycle
⫸ antimetabolites Answer: agents that are structurally similar analogs to
normal cellular metabolites that interfere with normal cell metabolism,
interacting directly with specific enzymes
, ⫸ metronomic chemotherapy Answer: when a chemotherapy agent is
given at low doses with no breaks
⫸ asparaginases Answer: major side effects: systemic allergic /
anaphylaxis / hypersensitivity reaction; hyperglycemia; pancreatitis;
coagulopathies
⫸ bleomycin Answer: major side effects: pulmonary fibrosis
instruct patients to never scuba dive and avoid use of 100% oxygen for
life
⫸ busulfan Answer: major side effects: mucositis, stomatitis,
hyperpigmentation, seizures, and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
(SOS); hepatotoxicity
⫸ carboplatin Answer: major side effects: hypersensitivity, ototoxicity,
electrolyte abnormalities, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
⫸ carmustine (BCNU) Answer: major side effects: late pulmonary
dysfunction, burning with peripheral administration, prolong
myelosuppression; protect drug from light
⫸ cisplatin Answer: major side effects: nausea / vomiting, anorexia,
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hypomagnesemia
