PHYS 261 FINAL PAPER Q&A: 2026 STUDY
GUIDE 100% CORRECT TESTED QUESTIONS
◍ The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of
myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?
Ca2+ only
K+ only
Na+ only
both Ca2+ and K+
both Na+ and K+. Ans: Na+ only
◍ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of the
heart during one contraction. Ans: c. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
,◍ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood left in the ventricle after it contracts. Ans: E. end-
systolic volume (ESV)
◍ The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a
contraction is called the
end-diastolic volume.
stroke volume.
cardiac reserve.
cardiac output.
end-systolic volume.. Ans: stroke volume.
◍ What happens when calcium binds troponin?
Troponin binds to actin and causes sarcomere shortening.
, Troponin changes shape and covers the SR calcium channel, which is
a form of negative feedback.
Tropomyosin is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
Troponin releases myosin and activates actin.. Ans: Tropomyosin is
pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
◍ The driving force for blood flow is a(n) ________ gradient.
gravity
pressure
osmotic
volume. Ans: pressure
◍ Which would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?
an increase in arterial resistance
a decrease in cardiac output
a decrease in arterial diameter
an increase in sympathetic activity. Ans: a decrease in cardiac output
◍ Match the name of the wave with the correlated event.
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
GUIDE 100% CORRECT TESTED QUESTIONS
◍ The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of
myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?
Ca2+ only
K+ only
Na+ only
both Ca2+ and K+
both Na+ and K+. Ans: Na+ only
◍ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of the
heart during one contraction. Ans: c. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
,◍ Match each term with its definition.
A. cardiac output (CO)
B. heart rate (HR)
C. end-diastolic volume (EDV)
D. stroke volume (SV)
E. end-systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood left in the ventricle after it contracts. Ans: E. end-
systolic volume (ESV)
◍ The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a
contraction is called the
end-diastolic volume.
stroke volume.
cardiac reserve.
cardiac output.
end-systolic volume.. Ans: stroke volume.
◍ What happens when calcium binds troponin?
Troponin binds to actin and causes sarcomere shortening.
, Troponin changes shape and covers the SR calcium channel, which is
a form of negative feedback.
Tropomyosin is pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
Troponin releases myosin and activates actin.. Ans: Tropomyosin is
pulled away from the myosin-binding site on actin.
◍ The driving force for blood flow is a(n) ________ gradient.
gravity
pressure
osmotic
volume. Ans: pressure
◍ Which would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?
an increase in arterial resistance
a decrease in cardiac output
a decrease in arterial diameter
an increase in sympathetic activity. Ans: a decrease in cardiac output
◍ Match the name of the wave with the correlated event.
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
