PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAMINATION 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ b. gums. Answer: What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
◉ d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly. Answer: Which of the
following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
◉ c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men. Answer: Which of the
following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
,c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
◉ b. Acclimatization. Answer: An increase in normal adaptive response
to the decreased availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
◉ d. Iatrogenic. Answer: What does it mean when the cause of the
disease is unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
◉ d. Neonatal. Answer: Which term is used for the first two months of
life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
,◉ d. Sign. Answer: Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
◉ c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine. Answer: Which of
the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
◉ b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception. Answer: Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
, ◉ d. They cross by diffusion. Answer: By what mechanism do lipid
molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and
exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
◉ a. Protein synthesis. Answer: Which of the following metabolic
processes is a component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
◉ c. The sodium-potassium pump. Answer: Which of the following
electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ b. gums. Answer: What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
◉ d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly. Answer: Which of the
following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
◉ c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men. Answer: Which of the
following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
,c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
◉ b. Acclimatization. Answer: An increase in normal adaptive response
to the decreased availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
◉ d. Iatrogenic. Answer: What does it mean when the cause of the
disease is unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
◉ d. Neonatal. Answer: Which term is used for the first two months of
life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
,◉ d. Sign. Answer: Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
◉ c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine. Answer: Which of
the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
◉ b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception. Answer: Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
, ◉ d. They cross by diffusion. Answer: By what mechanism do lipid
molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and
exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
◉ a. Protein synthesis. Answer: Which of the following metabolic
processes is a component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
◉ c. The sodium-potassium pump. Answer: Which of the following
electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
