HPHY 325 Lab Final- Functional Questions with Solutions.
In it's excretory role, the urinary system is primarily concerned with the removal of ________
wastes from the body correct answers nitrogenous
The ______ perform(s) the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system correct
answers kidneys
The _____ of the kidney is segregated into triangular regions with a striped appearance correct
answers medulla
As the renal artery approaches a kidney, it is divided into branches known as the _____ correct
answers segmental arteries
What do we call the anatomical units responsible for the formation of urine? correct answers
nephrons
This knot of coiled capillaries, found in the kidneys, forms the filtrate. It is the _____ correct
answers glomerulus
The section of the renal tubule closest to the glomerular capsule is the _____ correct answers
proximal convoluted tubule
The _____ arteriole drains the glomerular capillary bed correct answers efferent
T/F: During tubular reabsorption, components of the filtrate move from the bloodstream into the
tubule correct answers False
The _____ urethral sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is voluntarily controlled correct
answers external
What is the portion of the kidney that contains the bulk of the nephron structures? correct
answers the renal cortex
What is the function of the fat cushion that surrounds the kidneys in life? correct answers
peritoneal fat capsules anchor the kidneys to the dorsal body wall and it cushions it against
impact
Define ptosis correct answers an abnormal condition where the kidney drops down into a more
inferior position in the abdominal cavity
Description of the fibrous capsule correct answers smooth membrane, tightly adherent to the
kidney surface
Description of the renal medulla correct answers portion of the kidney containing mostly
collecting ducts and containing the bulk of the nephron structures
, Description of the renal cortex correct answers superficial region of kidney tissue
Description of the renal pelvis correct answers basin like area of the kidney, continuous with the
ureter
Description of the minor calyx correct answers a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that
encircles the apex of a pyramid
Description of the renal column correct answers area of cortical tissue running between the
medullary pyramids
What capillary is specialized for filtration? correct answers the glomerulus
What capillary is specialized for reabsorption? correct answers the peritubular capillary
What is the cuplike part of the renal corpuscle? correct answers the glomerular capsule
What is the location of the macula densa? correct answers the ascending limb of the nephron
loop
What is the primary site of tubular reabsorption? correct answers the proximal convoluted tubule
What receives urine from many nephrons? correct answers the collecting duct
Why is the glomerulus such a high-pressure capillary bed? correct answers It is fed and drained
by arterioles (high pressure vessel compared to venules). The afferent feeder arteriole is larger in
diameter than the efferent arteriole that drains the bed
How does the high pressure condition of the glomerulus aid its function of filtrate formation?
correct answers the higher the capillary pressure, the more filtrate will be formed
What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhances their ability to reabsorb substances
from the filtrate? correct answers dense microvilli, especially in the PCT cells
What is the mechanism of tubular secretion, explain its importance in the urine formation
process correct answers the process of moving substances from the tubular cells of from the
peritubular capillary into the tubule filtrate. It is important for adjusting pH and eliminating
substances not already in the filtrate
Composition of blood plasma vs composition of glomerular filtrate correct answers glomerular
filtrate= blood plasma without most of the blood proteins
Define the juxtaglomerular complex correct answers Macula densa cells of the ascending limb of
the nephron loop and granular (juxtaglomerular) cells of the afferent arteriole that play a role in
regulating the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure
In it's excretory role, the urinary system is primarily concerned with the removal of ________
wastes from the body correct answers nitrogenous
The ______ perform(s) the excretory and homeostatic functions of the urinary system correct
answers kidneys
The _____ of the kidney is segregated into triangular regions with a striped appearance correct
answers medulla
As the renal artery approaches a kidney, it is divided into branches known as the _____ correct
answers segmental arteries
What do we call the anatomical units responsible for the formation of urine? correct answers
nephrons
This knot of coiled capillaries, found in the kidneys, forms the filtrate. It is the _____ correct
answers glomerulus
The section of the renal tubule closest to the glomerular capsule is the _____ correct answers
proximal convoluted tubule
The _____ arteriole drains the glomerular capillary bed correct answers efferent
T/F: During tubular reabsorption, components of the filtrate move from the bloodstream into the
tubule correct answers False
The _____ urethral sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is voluntarily controlled correct
answers external
What is the portion of the kidney that contains the bulk of the nephron structures? correct
answers the renal cortex
What is the function of the fat cushion that surrounds the kidneys in life? correct answers
peritoneal fat capsules anchor the kidneys to the dorsal body wall and it cushions it against
impact
Define ptosis correct answers an abnormal condition where the kidney drops down into a more
inferior position in the abdominal cavity
Description of the fibrous capsule correct answers smooth membrane, tightly adherent to the
kidney surface
Description of the renal medulla correct answers portion of the kidney containing mostly
collecting ducts and containing the bulk of the nephron structures
, Description of the renal cortex correct answers superficial region of kidney tissue
Description of the renal pelvis correct answers basin like area of the kidney, continuous with the
ureter
Description of the minor calyx correct answers a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that
encircles the apex of a pyramid
Description of the renal column correct answers area of cortical tissue running between the
medullary pyramids
What capillary is specialized for filtration? correct answers the glomerulus
What capillary is specialized for reabsorption? correct answers the peritubular capillary
What is the cuplike part of the renal corpuscle? correct answers the glomerular capsule
What is the location of the macula densa? correct answers the ascending limb of the nephron
loop
What is the primary site of tubular reabsorption? correct answers the proximal convoluted tubule
What receives urine from many nephrons? correct answers the collecting duct
Why is the glomerulus such a high-pressure capillary bed? correct answers It is fed and drained
by arterioles (high pressure vessel compared to venules). The afferent feeder arteriole is larger in
diameter than the efferent arteriole that drains the bed
How does the high pressure condition of the glomerulus aid its function of filtrate formation?
correct answers the higher the capillary pressure, the more filtrate will be formed
What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhances their ability to reabsorb substances
from the filtrate? correct answers dense microvilli, especially in the PCT cells
What is the mechanism of tubular secretion, explain its importance in the urine formation
process correct answers the process of moving substances from the tubular cells of from the
peritubular capillary into the tubule filtrate. It is important for adjusting pH and eliminating
substances not already in the filtrate
Composition of blood plasma vs composition of glomerular filtrate correct answers glomerular
filtrate= blood plasma without most of the blood proteins
Define the juxtaglomerular complex correct answers Macula densa cells of the ascending limb of
the nephron loop and granular (juxtaglomerular) cells of the afferent arteriole that play a role in
regulating the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure
