FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINALS 159 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level
and icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - CORRECT ANSWER physiologic jaundice
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - CORRECT ANSWER Lysosomes
Ans: B- peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER Which component of the cell produces
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
,C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Contain organelles and
complex internal membranes
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production -
CORRECT ANSWER What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
,d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - CORRECT ANSWER Packages protein for
secretion to the outside of the cell
Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells -
CORRECT ANSWER Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics
of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across
the cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER During cell injury caused by hypoxia,
sodium and water move into the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
, b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - CORRECT ANSWER Is the site of protein
synthesis in a cell
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling - CORRECT
ANSWER Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only
one of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINALS 159 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level
and icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - CORRECT ANSWER physiologic jaundice
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - CORRECT ANSWER Lysosomes
Ans: B- peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER Which component of the cell produces
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
,C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Contain organelles and
complex internal membranes
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production -
CORRECT ANSWER What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure
Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
,d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - CORRECT ANSWER Packages protein for
secretion to the outside of the cell
Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells -
CORRECT ANSWER Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics
of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across
the cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER During cell injury caused by hypoxia,
sodium and water move into the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a
decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell
membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell
Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
, b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - CORRECT ANSWER Is the site of protein
synthesis in a cell
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling - CORRECT
ANSWER Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively
What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only
one of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER Epigenetic modifications
Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
