Medical Interventions: Unit 1 - EOC
Review Questions and All Correct
Answers.
Penicillin/β-Lactam Antibiotics - Answer Prevent new cell wall formation and communication
in bacteria by attacking bacteria enzymes needed for the synthesis of peptidoglycan (gives cell
wall strength and structure). This causes them to become vulnerable to outside water and
molecular pressures, which causes the cell shape to deform and cause it to burst from pressure.
Ed puzzle for antibiotics:
https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Tetracylcines - Answer Penetrate bacterial cells through passive diffusion and inhibit
bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis or destroying the cell membrane.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Fluoroquinolones - Answer Interfere with the DNA replication of a bacteria by interfering
with enzymes that are required for DNA synthesis (DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV). These
enzymes notch, coil, and seal DNA during replication.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Sulfa antibiotics (Sulfonamids) - Answer stop growth and replication of bacteria without
killing them. They stop DNA synthesis in the bacteria by interfering with DHPS (dihydropteroate
synthase) by binding and inhibiting the enzyme. This enzyme is essential to make Folate that is
needed for bacterial growth and multiplication.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Subunit vaccines - Answer Subunit vaccines use a small bit of the pathogen. W/ viruses
vaccines have protein coats that surround the DNA or RNA of the virus to stimulate an immune
response. ex) Hep B
Killed whole cells/inactivated virus vaccines - Answer Harmless, but have very small amount
of antigen, microbe doesnt multiply. Boosters/larger doses are needed ex) polio
, Live/attenuated vaccines - Answer Replication is weak, but it doesnt need as many boosters,
it evokes a stronger immune response ex) Measles
Toxoid vaccines - Answer A purified toxin produced by the antigen is used to elicit immune
response ex) tetanus
Genetically engineered microbes or microbial antigens - Answer Genes for microbial
antigens are inserted into a plasmid vector and cloned in appropriate hosts, the resultant
protein product is used to evoke immune response
DNA vaccine - Answer contain all or part of the pathogen's genetic material to infect
recipients cell ex) HIV
Case-control study - Answer A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with
the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to
as controls
cohort study - Answer A type of epidemiologic study where a group of exposed individuals
(individuals who have been exposed to the potential risk factor) and a group of non-exposed
individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease
DNA ligase - Answer A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent
bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.
herd immunity - Answer The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large
proportion of the members of the group are immune
Plasmid - Answer A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of
the bacterial chromosome
Recombinant DNA - Answer A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different
sources.
Restriction enzymes - Answer Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
vaccination - Answer A procedure that presents the immune system with a harmless variant
of a pathogen, thereby stimulating the immune system to mount a long-term defense against
the pathogen
Review Questions and All Correct
Answers.
Penicillin/β-Lactam Antibiotics - Answer Prevent new cell wall formation and communication
in bacteria by attacking bacteria enzymes needed for the synthesis of peptidoglycan (gives cell
wall strength and structure). This causes them to become vulnerable to outside water and
molecular pressures, which causes the cell shape to deform and cause it to burst from pressure.
Ed puzzle for antibiotics:
https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Tetracylcines - Answer Penetrate bacterial cells through passive diffusion and inhibit
bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis or destroying the cell membrane.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Fluoroquinolones - Answer Interfere with the DNA replication of a bacteria by interfering
with enzymes that are required for DNA synthesis (DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV). These
enzymes notch, coil, and seal DNA during replication.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Sulfa antibiotics (Sulfonamids) - Answer stop growth and replication of bacteria without
killing them. They stop DNA synthesis in the bacteria by interfering with DHPS (dihydropteroate
synthase) by binding and inhibiting the enzyme. This enzyme is essential to make Folate that is
needed for bacterial growth and multiplication.
Edpuzzle for antibiotics: https://edpuzzle.com/assignments/5f997473136f9e40dee8b156/watch
Subunit vaccines - Answer Subunit vaccines use a small bit of the pathogen. W/ viruses
vaccines have protein coats that surround the DNA or RNA of the virus to stimulate an immune
response. ex) Hep B
Killed whole cells/inactivated virus vaccines - Answer Harmless, but have very small amount
of antigen, microbe doesnt multiply. Boosters/larger doses are needed ex) polio
, Live/attenuated vaccines - Answer Replication is weak, but it doesnt need as many boosters,
it evokes a stronger immune response ex) Measles
Toxoid vaccines - Answer A purified toxin produced by the antigen is used to elicit immune
response ex) tetanus
Genetically engineered microbes or microbial antigens - Answer Genes for microbial
antigens are inserted into a plasmid vector and cloned in appropriate hosts, the resultant
protein product is used to evoke immune response
DNA vaccine - Answer contain all or part of the pathogen's genetic material to infect
recipients cell ex) HIV
Case-control study - Answer A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with
the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to
as controls
cohort study - Answer A type of epidemiologic study where a group of exposed individuals
(individuals who have been exposed to the potential risk factor) and a group of non-exposed
individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease
DNA ligase - Answer A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent
bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.
herd immunity - Answer The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large
proportion of the members of the group are immune
Plasmid - Answer A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of
the bacterial chromosome
Recombinant DNA - Answer A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different
sources.
Restriction enzymes - Answer Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
vaccination - Answer A procedure that presents the immune system with a harmless variant
of a pathogen, thereby stimulating the immune system to mount a long-term defense against
the pathogen
