OXYGENATION AND PERFUSION PRACTICE
REVIEW 2026 COMPLETE VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
⫸ For a male client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
which nursing intervention would help maintain a patent airway?
A. Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 ml/day
B. Enforcing absolute bed rest
C. Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing
D. Administering prescribed sedatives regularly and in large amounts.
Answer: C. Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing
⫸ Which of the following is true concerning the physiology of the
cardiovascular system?
A. Stimulating the parasympathetic system would cause the heart rate
to go up.
B. When a person has heart muscle disease, the heart muscles stretch
as far as is necessary to maintain function.
C. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram represents the
electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.
D. When stroke volume decreases, there is a resultant decrease in
heart rate.. Answer: C. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram
represents the electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.
,⫸ The client has emphysema from smoking. During a respiratory
system assessment the nurse anticipates finding:
A. Abnormal palpation signs in the upper thorax
B. Dull sounds on percussion
C. A depressed sternum on inspection
D. Moist breath sounds on auscultation. Answer: B. Dull sounds on
percussion
⫸ A 64-year-old client is seen in the emergency room for
palpitations and mild shortness of breath. The ECG reveals a normal P
wave, P-R interval, and QRS complex with a regular rhythm and rate
of 108. The nurse should recognize this cardiac dysrhythmia as:
A. Sinus dysrhythmia
B. Sinus tachycardia
C. Supraventricular tachycardia
D. Ventricular tachycardia. Answer: B. Sinus tachycardia
⫸ A client recently fractured his spinal cord at the C-3 level and is at
great risk for developing pneumonia primarily because:
A. The resulting paralysis immobilizes him, and secretions will
increase in his lungs
B. Innervation to the phrenic nerve is absent, preventing chest
expansion
,C. The resulting abnormal chest shape disallows efficient ventilatory
movement
D. Trauma decreases the ability of his red blood cells to carry
oxygen. Answer: B. Innervation to the phrenic nerve is absent,
preventing chest expansion
⫸ The client has experienced a myocardial infarction damaging the
right ventricle. Which of the following is a likely complication he
would experience?
A. Jugular neck vein distention
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Peripheral edema
D. Liver enlargement. Answer: B. Pulmonary congestion
⫸ On admitting a client, the nurse finds that there is a history of
myocardial ischemia. The most disconcerting dysrhythmia for
electrocardiography to reveal is:
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Premature ventricular contractions. Answer: C. Ventricular
tachycardia
, ⫸ A client develops acute renal failure and a resulting metabolic
acidosis. The respiratory system compensates by:
A. Hypoventilating and increasing the bicarbonate in the bloodstream
B. Alternating periods of deep versus shallow breaths to maintain
homeostasis of the serum pH
C. Hyperventilating to decrease the serum CO2 and thereby raise the
pH
D. Expanding the lung tissues to their fullest, which increases the
inspiratory reserve volumes to provide more oxygen to the tissues.
Answer: C. Hyperventilating to decrease the serum CO2 and thereby
raise the pH
⫸ For a client who is having respiratory symptoms of unknown
etiology, the diagnostic test that is most invasive is:
A. Pulse oximetry to determine oxygen saturation levels
B. Throat cultures with sterile swabs
C. Bronchoscopy of the bronchial trees
D. Computed tomography of the lung fields. Answer: C.
Bronchoscopy of the bronchial trees
⫸ The nurse identifies that the client is unable to cough to produce a
sputum specimen and must be suctioned. Which suctioning route is
preferred?
REVIEW 2026 COMPLETE VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
⫸ For a male client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
which nursing intervention would help maintain a patent airway?
A. Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 ml/day
B. Enforcing absolute bed rest
C. Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing
D. Administering prescribed sedatives regularly and in large amounts.
Answer: C. Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing
⫸ Which of the following is true concerning the physiology of the
cardiovascular system?
A. Stimulating the parasympathetic system would cause the heart rate
to go up.
B. When a person has heart muscle disease, the heart muscles stretch
as far as is necessary to maintain function.
C. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram represents the
electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.
D. When stroke volume decreases, there is a resultant decrease in
heart rate.. Answer: C. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram
represents the electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.
,⫸ The client has emphysema from smoking. During a respiratory
system assessment the nurse anticipates finding:
A. Abnormal palpation signs in the upper thorax
B. Dull sounds on percussion
C. A depressed sternum on inspection
D. Moist breath sounds on auscultation. Answer: B. Dull sounds on
percussion
⫸ A 64-year-old client is seen in the emergency room for
palpitations and mild shortness of breath. The ECG reveals a normal P
wave, P-R interval, and QRS complex with a regular rhythm and rate
of 108. The nurse should recognize this cardiac dysrhythmia as:
A. Sinus dysrhythmia
B. Sinus tachycardia
C. Supraventricular tachycardia
D. Ventricular tachycardia. Answer: B. Sinus tachycardia
⫸ A client recently fractured his spinal cord at the C-3 level and is at
great risk for developing pneumonia primarily because:
A. The resulting paralysis immobilizes him, and secretions will
increase in his lungs
B. Innervation to the phrenic nerve is absent, preventing chest
expansion
,C. The resulting abnormal chest shape disallows efficient ventilatory
movement
D. Trauma decreases the ability of his red blood cells to carry
oxygen. Answer: B. Innervation to the phrenic nerve is absent,
preventing chest expansion
⫸ The client has experienced a myocardial infarction damaging the
right ventricle. Which of the following is a likely complication he
would experience?
A. Jugular neck vein distention
B. Pulmonary congestion
C. Peripheral edema
D. Liver enlargement. Answer: B. Pulmonary congestion
⫸ On admitting a client, the nurse finds that there is a history of
myocardial ischemia. The most disconcerting dysrhythmia for
electrocardiography to reveal is:
A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Premature ventricular contractions. Answer: C. Ventricular
tachycardia
, ⫸ A client develops acute renal failure and a resulting metabolic
acidosis. The respiratory system compensates by:
A. Hypoventilating and increasing the bicarbonate in the bloodstream
B. Alternating periods of deep versus shallow breaths to maintain
homeostasis of the serum pH
C. Hyperventilating to decrease the serum CO2 and thereby raise the
pH
D. Expanding the lung tissues to their fullest, which increases the
inspiratory reserve volumes to provide more oxygen to the tissues.
Answer: C. Hyperventilating to decrease the serum CO2 and thereby
raise the pH
⫸ For a client who is having respiratory symptoms of unknown
etiology, the diagnostic test that is most invasive is:
A. Pulse oximetry to determine oxygen saturation levels
B. Throat cultures with sterile swabs
C. Bronchoscopy of the bronchial trees
D. Computed tomography of the lung fields. Answer: C.
Bronchoscopy of the bronchial trees
⫸ The nurse identifies that the client is unable to cough to produce a
sputum specimen and must be suctioned. Which suctioning route is
preferred?
