NURS 640 EXAM 1 EXAMINATION TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Urinary stone disease. Answer: most common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
◉ BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Answer: noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
◉ Acute Urinary retention. Answer: cause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal
failure.
400cc leave cath in place
,◉ Most common UTI organism. Answer: e. coli, pseudomonas,
klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
◉ Urine Dipstick. Answer: Screening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
- Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
◉ Urine Microscopy (UA). Answer: Key findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely
UTI
, • WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
• Alternatively 8,000-10,000 / mL or 8 -10 per uL (note different
units)
- WBC casts indicate inflammation that may or may not be infectious
• Bacteria
- Bacteria in any amount suggests infection
- Bacteria without pyuria can be contamination
• RBC's
- > 5 RBC's per HPF
• Elevated epithelial cells can suggest contamination
• Low bacterial count may be associated with antibiotic exposure,
urine dilution
◉ Uncomplicated Acute Cystitis treatment. Answer: Cephalexin,
nitrofurantoin or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole
- Sulfa allergy: Ciprofloxacin
◉ Acute Pyelonephritis treatment. Answer: • 7-14 days therapy
(non-pregnant)
- 14 for inpatient
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Urinary stone disease. Answer: most common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
◉ BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Answer: noncancerous
enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
◉ Acute Urinary retention. Answer: cause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal
failure.
400cc leave cath in place
,◉ Most common UTI organism. Answer: e. coli, pseudomonas,
klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
◉ Urine Dipstick. Answer: Screening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
- Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
◉ Urine Microscopy (UA). Answer: Key findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely
UTI
, • WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
• Alternatively 8,000-10,000 / mL or 8 -10 per uL (note different
units)
- WBC casts indicate inflammation that may or may not be infectious
• Bacteria
- Bacteria in any amount suggests infection
- Bacteria without pyuria can be contamination
• RBC's
- > 5 RBC's per HPF
• Elevated epithelial cells can suggest contamination
• Low bacterial count may be associated with antibiotic exposure,
urine dilution
◉ Uncomplicated Acute Cystitis treatment. Answer: Cephalexin,
nitrofurantoin or trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole
- Sulfa allergy: Ciprofloxacin
◉ Acute Pyelonephritis treatment. Answer: • 7-14 days therapy
(non-pregnant)
- 14 for inpatient
