Developmental Biology Exam 2
Questions With Correct Answers
Drosophila illustrates 3 general principles of development - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-1. Broad regional differences (head-tail, belly-back) established first
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2. Regions are refined into smaller domains, with each domain characterized by
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unique gene activity
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3. Developmental genes act in a temporal sequence (Gene 1 --> Gene 2 --> Gene
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3)
______________ form gradients that specify anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral
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patterning in drosophila. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maternal gene products
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_______________ elements control the spatial expression of zygotic genes and
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divide the embryo into (first broad, then narrow) segments. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Cis-regulatory
_____________ : enhancers; they are on the same chromosomes as the gene -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cis-regulation
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_____________ : the transcription factors which bind to enhances; the genes are
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on different chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Trans-regulation
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,___________ genes confer the unique characteristics of each segment of the
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body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Selector
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The egg activation of drosophila is triggered by _____________. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Ovulation
Egg activation of drosophila is triggered by ovulation, before fertilization:
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squeezing through the oviduct ________________________. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Opens the Ca2+ channels | | |
In what ways is drosophila specialized for rapid development in crowded
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locations? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Egg activation is triggered by ovulation
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before fertilization
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2. No cortical granule reaction because sperm can only enter one at a time
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(through micropyle) |
3. Maternal factors have already begun axis patterning when the sperm enters
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the egg.
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How do sperm enter the egg in drosophila? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Through the
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micropyle, one at a time. There is no cortical granule reaction.
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Isolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Sparse, evenly-distributed yolk.
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Complete (holoblastic) cleavage from the animal to vegetal pole. Example:
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tunicates, mammals, and sea urchins.
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Holoblastic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Complete cleavage.
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, Telolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Large amount of yolk; small amount of
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yolk-free cytoplasm. Incomplete (meroblastic) cleavage of the yolk-free
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cytoplasm. Example: birds, fish, reptiles, and insects.
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Meroblastic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Incomplete cleavage.
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Mesolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Yolk is not evenly distributed.
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Complete (holoblastic) cleavage occurs, but it occurs slowly in the yolky
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cytoplasm and the cells are larger. Example: amphibians
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What determines the cleavage plane? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Orientation of the
| | | | | | | | | |
mitotic spindle. |
What occurs during cleavage cycles 1-13 of dropsophila? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Rapid nuclear divisions without cellularization.
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What controls the timing of cellularization? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The
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chromatin to cytoplasm ratio. | | |
In a haploid mutant, how long does it take cellularization to occur? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-It takes one extra round of nuclear division for the mutant to reach
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the same chromatin content as the wild-type.
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When would you expect for the 4N mutant embyro to cellularize? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-You would expect for it to cellularize one or two divisions before the
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wild-type.
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Questions With Correct Answers
Drosophila illustrates 3 general principles of development - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. Broad regional differences (head-tail, belly-back) established first
| | | | | | |
2. Regions are refined into smaller domains, with each domain characterized by
| | | | | | | | | | | |
unique gene activity
| |
3. Developmental genes act in a temporal sequence (Gene 1 --> Gene 2 --> Gene
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
3)
______________ form gradients that specify anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral
| | | | | | | |
patterning in drosophila. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maternal gene products
| | | | | | |
_______________ elements control the spatial expression of zygotic genes and
| | | | | | | | | |
divide the embryo into (first broad, then narrow) segments. - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Cis-regulatory
_____________ : enhancers; they are on the same chromosomes as the gene -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cis-regulation
|
_____________ : the transcription factors which bind to enhances; the genes are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
on different chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Trans-regulation
| | | | |
,___________ genes confer the unique characteristics of each segment of the
| | | | | | | | | | |
body. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Selector
| | |
The egg activation of drosophila is triggered by _____________. - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Ovulation
Egg activation of drosophila is triggered by ovulation, before fertilization:
| | | | | | | | | |
squeezing through the oviduct ________________________. - CORRECT
| | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Opens the Ca2+ channels | | |
In what ways is drosophila specialized for rapid development in crowded
| | | | | | | | | | |
locations? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Egg activation is triggered by ovulation
| | | | | | | | | |
before fertilization
|
2. No cortical granule reaction because sperm can only enter one at a time
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(through micropyle) |
3. Maternal factors have already begun axis patterning when the sperm enters
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the egg.
|
How do sperm enter the egg in drosophila? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Through the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
micropyle, one at a time. There is no cortical granule reaction.
| | | | | | | | | |
Isolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Sparse, evenly-distributed yolk.
| | | | | | |
Complete (holoblastic) cleavage from the animal to vegetal pole. Example:
| | | | | | | | | |
tunicates, mammals, and sea urchins.
| | | |
Holoblastic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Complete cleavage.
| | | |
, Telolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Large amount of yolk; small amount of
| | | | | | | | | | |
yolk-free cytoplasm. Incomplete (meroblastic) cleavage of the yolk-free
| | | | | | | |
cytoplasm. Example: birds, fish, reptiles, and insects.
| | | | | |
Meroblastic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Incomplete cleavage.
| | | |
Mesolecithal eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Yolk is not evenly distributed.
| | | | | | | | |
Complete (holoblastic) cleavage occurs, but it occurs slowly in the yolky
| | | | | | | | | | |
cytoplasm and the cells are larger. Example: amphibians
| | | | | | |
What determines the cleavage plane? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Orientation of the
| | | | | | | | | |
mitotic spindle. |
What occurs during cleavage cycles 1-13 of dropsophila? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Rapid nuclear divisions without cellularization.
| | | |
What controls the timing of cellularization? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The
| | | | | | | | |
chromatin to cytoplasm ratio. | | |
In a haploid mutant, how long does it take cellularization to occur? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-It takes one extra round of nuclear division for the mutant to reach
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the same chromatin content as the wild-type.
| | | | | |
When would you expect for the 4N mutant embyro to cellularize? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-You would expect for it to cellularize one or two divisions before the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
wild-type.
|
