LEIK FNP Practice Questions Walden University NURS 6501 Comprehensive Exam with Verified Rationales Practice Questions and Answers 2026 with complete solution

LEIK FNP Practice Questions \Walden University \NURS
6501 \ Comprehensive Exam with Verified Rationales
Practice Questions and Answers 2026 with complete
solution




Walden University – NURS 6501

LEIK FNP Practice Questions (Advanced Level)



QUESTION 1 – Cellular Injury

Which mechanism MOST directly causes irreversible cell injury?

A. Cellular swelling
B. Mitochondrial dysfunction
C. Increased anaerobic metabolism
D. Decreased ATP production

✅ Correct Answer: B. Mitochondrial dysfunction

Explanation:
Irreversible cell injury occurs when mitochondria fail, leading to loss of oxidative phosphorylation,
apoptosis, or necrosis.

❌ Swelling and ATP loss are reversible early changes
❌ Anaerobic metabolism is compensatory



QUESTION 2 – Inflammation

Which mediator is primarily responsible for increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?

A. Prostaglandins
B. Histamine
C. Bradykinin
D. Leukotrienes

✅ Correct Answer: B. Histamine

,Explanation:
Histamine is released from mast cells and causes vasodilation and capillary leakage.

❌ Prostaglandins = pain/fever
❌ Bradykinin = pain
❌ Leukotrienes = bronchoconstriction



QUESTION 3 – Acid–Base Balance

ABG: pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃⁻ 26

Interpretation?

A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

✅ Correct Answer: B. Respiratory acidosis

Explanation:
Low pH + elevated CO₂ = primary respiratory acidosis.
No renal compensation yet.



QUESTION 4 – Heart Failure

Which compensatory mechanism initially improves cardiac output in heart failure?

A. Decreased preload
B. Increased sympathetic stimulation
C. Reduced afterload
D. Decreased aldosterone

✅ Correct Answer: B. Increased sympathetic stimulation

Explanation:
SNS increases heart rate and contractility early but worsens HF long-term.



QUESTION 5 – Diabetes Mellitus

Which mechanism contributes MOST to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

A. Beta-cell destruction
B. Autoimmune attack
C. Impaired insulin receptor signaling
D. Decreased glucagon

,✅ Correct Answer: C. Impaired insulin receptor signaling

Explanation:
Type 2 DM is driven by cellular resistance, not insulin absence.



QUESTION 6 – Thyroid Disorders

Which finding is MOST consistent with hyperthyroidism?

A. Weight gain
B. Cold intolerance
C. Bradycardia
D. Heat intolerance

✅ Correct Answer: D. Heat intolerance



QUESTION 7 – Renal Physiology

Which lab value increases FIRST in acute kidney injury?

A. Creatinine
B. Potassium
C. BUN
D. Phosphorus

✅ Correct Answer: C. BUN

Explanation:
BUN rises earlier due to decreased filtration.



QUESTION 8 – Pulmonary Pathophysiology

Which condition results from alveolar collapse?

A. Emphysema
B. Atelectasis
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Bronchitis

✅ Correct Answer: B. Atelectasis



QUESTION 9 – Shock

Which type of shock results from widespread vasodilation?

, A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Septic
D. Obstructive

✅ Correct Answer: C. Septic



QUESTION 10 – Immunology

Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM

✅ Correct Answer: C. IgG



QUESTION 11 – Hematology

Which anemia presents with low MCV and low ferritin?

A. Thalassemia
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Aplastic anemia

✅ Correct Answer: B. Iron deficiency anemia



QUESTION 12 – Oncology

Which tumor suppressor gene is MOST commonly mutated in cancer?

A. BRCA1
B. APC
C. p53
D. Rb

✅ Correct Answer: C. p53



QUESTION 13 – Neurology

Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson disease?