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mmg 404 exam 6 Questions with Correct
Answers | Updated (100% Correct Answers)
sarcoma Answer: derived from connective tissues
carcinomas Answer: derived from epithelial tissues
lymphomas Answer: derived from hematopoietic
stages of cancer development Answer: neoplasia, benign tumor,
malignancy, metastasis
sporadic cancer Answer: non-familial. mutations occur by chance.
mutations are in somatic cells. characterized by being complex, late
age of onset, and unilateral
familial cancer Answer: germline mutations. genetically predisposed,
due to inherited mutations in certain genes. characterized by early
age of onset, multiple tumor types and locations, and bilateral. ex:
retinoblastoma
single base mutations Answer: most common mutations in causing
cancer
driver mutations Answer: mutations that contribute to the
development of the malignant phenotype
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, 2
passenger mutations Answer: mutations that have no direct
contribution to the cancer phenotype. occur due to the genetic
instability of the tumor/cancer cells. creates neo antigens
proto-oncogenes Answer: normal versions of oncogenes. first
identified in RNA tumor viruses by Dr. Rous in Chickens
tumor supressor genes Answer: make proteins that stop cell
division and kill cells
HPV genome Answer: 7500 bp, encodes 2 oncogenes that promote
DNA replication (E6 and E7), encodes E2, which is a regulator of E6
and E7. In HeLa cells, HPV genome was found with 4 copies of E6
and E7, but no E2
oncogene mutations Answer: dominant and gain-of-function,
mostly associated with sporadic cancer. many different mutations in
the same spots
tumor suppressor mutations Answer: loss of function. many
different mutations in many different spots
P53 and RB1 Answer: gatekeepers. detect DNA damage and stop
those cells from growing
MSH2 and MLH1 Answer: caretakers. repair DNA damage
© 2025 All rights reserved
mmg 404 exam 6 Questions with Correct
Answers | Updated (100% Correct Answers)
sarcoma Answer: derived from connective tissues
carcinomas Answer: derived from epithelial tissues
lymphomas Answer: derived from hematopoietic
stages of cancer development Answer: neoplasia, benign tumor,
malignancy, metastasis
sporadic cancer Answer: non-familial. mutations occur by chance.
mutations are in somatic cells. characterized by being complex, late
age of onset, and unilateral
familial cancer Answer: germline mutations. genetically predisposed,
due to inherited mutations in certain genes. characterized by early
age of onset, multiple tumor types and locations, and bilateral. ex:
retinoblastoma
single base mutations Answer: most common mutations in causing
cancer
driver mutations Answer: mutations that contribute to the
development of the malignant phenotype
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2
passenger mutations Answer: mutations that have no direct
contribution to the cancer phenotype. occur due to the genetic
instability of the tumor/cancer cells. creates neo antigens
proto-oncogenes Answer: normal versions of oncogenes. first
identified in RNA tumor viruses by Dr. Rous in Chickens
tumor supressor genes Answer: make proteins that stop cell
division and kill cells
HPV genome Answer: 7500 bp, encodes 2 oncogenes that promote
DNA replication (E6 and E7), encodes E2, which is a regulator of E6
and E7. In HeLa cells, HPV genome was found with 4 copies of E6
and E7, but no E2
oncogene mutations Answer: dominant and gain-of-function,
mostly associated with sporadic cancer. many different mutations in
the same spots
tumor suppressor mutations Answer: loss of function. many
different mutations in many different spots
P53 and RB1 Answer: gatekeepers. detect DNA damage and stop
those cells from growing
MSH2 and MLH1 Answer: caretakers. repair DNA damage
© 2025 All rights reserved
