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Samenvatting THG 1ste keer geslaagd

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Samenvatting van Theoretische en historische grondslagen van de psychologie met duidelijke inhoudstafel. Samenvatting gebaseerd op de syllabus.

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SAMENVATTING SYLLABUS




THEORETISCHE EN HISTORISCHE
GRONDSLAGEN VAN DE
PSYCHOLOGIE
PROF. DR. WIM VAN DEN BROECK


MARGO VICTORINE VANDENPLAS
PSYCHOLOGIE
2de BAC

,
,Inhoud
Theoretische en historische grondslagen van de psychologie ..................................................... 4
Hoofdstuk 1: kenmerken van de moderne wetenschap ............................................................... 4
Achtergronden van de psychologie .......................................................................................... 4
Beeld van de moderne wetenschap ......................................................................................... 5
Newtoniaanse stijl ............................................................................................................... 5
Positivisme .......................................................................................................................... 6
Soorten verklaringen ................................................................................................................ 6
Deductief – nomologische verklaring (D-N model) ............................................................... 7
Hermeneutisch begrijpen................................................................................................... 10
Functionele en teleologische verklaringen ......................................................................... 11
Causale verklaring ............................................................................................................. 15
Theorie................................................................................................................................... 16
Realisme vs instrumentalisme ........................................................................................... 16
Syntactische benadering van theorieën ............................................................................. 17
Semantische benadering van theorieën ............................................................................. 18
Eenvoud als kenmerk van de waarheid .............................................................................. 18
Verandering in wetenschap................................................................................................ 19
Falsificationisme ............................................................................................................... 21
Reductie en vervanging ...................................................................................................... 23
Wetenschap als visie op de wereld ........................................................................................ 23
Particuliere vs universele kennis ........................................................................................ 23
Wetenschap en realiteit ......................................................................................................... 25
Onthult de wetenschap de realiteit? .................................................................................. 25
Realisme vs antirealisme: pseudoprobleem ...................................................................... 25
Hoofdstuk 2: Het tragikomische bestaan .................................................................................. 27
Bewustzijn: gave of vloek? ..................................................................................................... 27
“Het hart heeft zijn redenen die het verstand niet begrijpt “Pascal” ....................................... 29
‘Les raisons de la raison’ vs ’les raisons du cœur ‘ ............................................................ 29
Mens tussen wanhoop en hoogmoed................................................................................. 29
Wetenschappelijk denken ..................................................................................................... 30
Lebenswelt ............................................................................................................................ 30
Hoofdstuk 3: hermeneutiek en verstehen .................................................................................. 34
Hermeneutiek ........................................................................................................................ 34
Sociaal constructionisme .................................................................................................. 37
Opvattingen over waarheid ................................................................................................ 38

, Retoriek, discursieve en kritische psychologie ................................................................... 39
Hoofdstuk 4: Hersenen en bewustzijn ....................................................................................... 41
De ware moraal (Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 – 1900) ................................................................ 41
Organismen zonder bewustzijn.............................................................................................. 42
Het ontstaan van het bewustzijn bij de mens ..................................................................... 42
Verbondenheid tussen mensen ......................................................................................... 45
Hoofdstuk 5 : opvattingen over hersenen en bewustzijn ............................................................ 46
Daniel Dennet .................................................................................................................... 46
Opkomst van computer en AI................................................................................................. 47
Alan Mattison Turing (1912 – 1954)..................................................................................... 47
William Calvin .................................................................................................................... 48
Participerende bewustzijn ..................................................................................................... 48
John Searle (1932 - ) ........................................................................................................... 49
Steven Pinker ..................................................................................................................... 52

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