Chapter 17 MA 100 Final Exam with
Complete Solutions 2026 Updated.
List 4 examples of types of microorganisms - Answer Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi
Medical Asepsis - Answer It's when an object or area is clean and free from disease-
producing microorganisms.
Type of microorganisms that may remain on an object that is considered medically aseptic? -
Answer Nonpathogens
List the 6 growth requirements needed by microorganisms to survive - Answer 1. Proper
nutrition
2. Oxygen
3. Darkness
4. Temperature
5. Moisture
6. pH
What is the name given to the organism that uses organic or living substances for food? -
Answer Heterotrophs
Why do most microorganisms prefer a neutral pH? - Answer If it is too acidic or too basic,
they die
List three examples of how a microorganism can be transmitted from one person to another -
Answer 1) Coughs or sneezes
2) Contaminated hands and equipment
3) Contaminated food and water
List the 5 examples of how microorganisms can enter the body - Answer 1) Mouth
2) Nose
3) Throat
4) Ears
5) Eyes
, List 4 examples of factors that would make a host more susceptible to entrance of pathogen -
Answer 1) Poor health
2) Poor hygiene
3) Poor Nutrition
4) Stress
List 5 protective devices of the body that prevent the entrance of microorganisms - Answer
1) Skin serves as protective barrier
2) Mucous membranes of the body
3) Mucous and cilia in the nose and respiratory tract fight off pathogens
4) Coughing and sneezing
5) Tears and sweat (secretions)
What's the difference between resident flora and transient flora? - Answer - Resident Flora:
resides and grows in epidermis and dermis, a harmless and non-pathogenic that is difficult to
remove
- Transient Flora: lives and grows on epidermis and often pathogenic but easy to remove, even
with handwashing
List 3 examples of when hand-washing should be performed in the medical office - Answer
1) Handwashing
2) Antiseptic Handwashing
3) Alcohol-based hand rubs
How does antiseptic hand-washing sanitize hands? - Answer Sanities hand through
mechanical scrubbing action and through action of antiseptic
List 5 examples of when alcohol-based rub may be used to sanitize hands - Answer 1) When
more accessible than sinks
2) Doesn't require rinsing
3) Drying with towel not needed
4) When less time is required to perform hand hygiene
5) When less damaging to the skin
What are the advantages of alcohol-based hand rubs? Disadvantages? - Answer -
Advantages: More accessible than sinks and don't require rinsing
- Disadvantages: More expensive than regular, plain soap
Complete Solutions 2026 Updated.
List 4 examples of types of microorganisms - Answer Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi
Medical Asepsis - Answer It's when an object or area is clean and free from disease-
producing microorganisms.
Type of microorganisms that may remain on an object that is considered medically aseptic? -
Answer Nonpathogens
List the 6 growth requirements needed by microorganisms to survive - Answer 1. Proper
nutrition
2. Oxygen
3. Darkness
4. Temperature
5. Moisture
6. pH
What is the name given to the organism that uses organic or living substances for food? -
Answer Heterotrophs
Why do most microorganisms prefer a neutral pH? - Answer If it is too acidic or too basic,
they die
List three examples of how a microorganism can be transmitted from one person to another -
Answer 1) Coughs or sneezes
2) Contaminated hands and equipment
3) Contaminated food and water
List the 5 examples of how microorganisms can enter the body - Answer 1) Mouth
2) Nose
3) Throat
4) Ears
5) Eyes
, List 4 examples of factors that would make a host more susceptible to entrance of pathogen -
Answer 1) Poor health
2) Poor hygiene
3) Poor Nutrition
4) Stress
List 5 protective devices of the body that prevent the entrance of microorganisms - Answer
1) Skin serves as protective barrier
2) Mucous membranes of the body
3) Mucous and cilia in the nose and respiratory tract fight off pathogens
4) Coughing and sneezing
5) Tears and sweat (secretions)
What's the difference between resident flora and transient flora? - Answer - Resident Flora:
resides and grows in epidermis and dermis, a harmless and non-pathogenic that is difficult to
remove
- Transient Flora: lives and grows on epidermis and often pathogenic but easy to remove, even
with handwashing
List 3 examples of when hand-washing should be performed in the medical office - Answer
1) Handwashing
2) Antiseptic Handwashing
3) Alcohol-based hand rubs
How does antiseptic hand-washing sanitize hands? - Answer Sanities hand through
mechanical scrubbing action and through action of antiseptic
List 5 examples of when alcohol-based rub may be used to sanitize hands - Answer 1) When
more accessible than sinks
2) Doesn't require rinsing
3) Drying with towel not needed
4) When less time is required to perform hand hygiene
5) When less damaging to the skin
What are the advantages of alcohol-based hand rubs? Disadvantages? - Answer -
Advantages: More accessible than sinks and don't require rinsing
- Disadvantages: More expensive than regular, plain soap
