NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (WEEK 8) 2026 PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Time: 90 Minutes
Total Marks: 100
Instructions: Read all questions carefully. Choose the best answer
for multiple choice. Use clinical reasoning for short answers and
case studies.
ANSWER KEY ON THE LAST PAGE
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 Questions – 60
Marks)
Each question carries 2 marks. Choose the most appropriate
answer.
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon
D. Hypothalamic dysfunction
2. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying
ammonia into urea?
A. Kidney
,NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen
3. Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of
fluid in the alveoli, reducing gas exchange?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Bronchitis
D. COPD
4. What electrolyte imbalance is most commonly seen in
Addison’s disease?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
5. A patient with COPD has a barrel-shaped chest. What is the
cause of this physical change?
A. Airway inflammation
B. Air trapping and hyperinflation
C. Decreased surfactant
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6. The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease is:
A. Demyelination
B. Amyloid plaque formation
C. Dopamine deficiency
D. Serotonin excess
7. Which of the following diseases is associated with elevated
TSH and low T3/T4?
A. Graves’ disease
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D. Thyroid storm
8. Which process causes edema in nephrotic syndrome?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Low serum albumin
C. Hypertension
D. Decreased GFR
9. What is the primary cause of pulmonary hypertension?
A. Right ventricular hypertrophy
B. Systemic vasodilation
C. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure
D. Valvular insufficiency
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM (WEEK 8) 2026 PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Time: 90 Minutes
Total Marks: 100
Instructions: Read all questions carefully. Choose the best answer
for multiple choice. Use clinical reasoning for short answers and
case studies.
ANSWER KEY ON THE LAST PAGE
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 Questions – 60
Marks)
Each question carries 2 marks. Choose the most appropriate
answer.
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon
D. Hypothalamic dysfunction
2. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying
ammonia into urea?
A. Kidney
,NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen
3. Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of
fluid in the alveoli, reducing gas exchange?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Bronchitis
D. COPD
4. What electrolyte imbalance is most commonly seen in
Addison’s disease?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
5. A patient with COPD has a barrel-shaped chest. What is the
cause of this physical change?
A. Airway inflammation
B. Air trapping and hyperinflation
C. Decreased surfactant
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6. The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease is:
A. Demyelination
B. Amyloid plaque formation
C. Dopamine deficiency
D. Serotonin excess
7. Which of the following diseases is associated with elevated
TSH and low T3/T4?
A. Graves’ disease
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D. Thyroid storm
8. Which process causes edema in nephrotic syndrome?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Low serum albumin
C. Hypertension
D. Decreased GFR
9. What is the primary cause of pulmonary hypertension?
A. Right ventricular hypertrophy
B. Systemic vasodilation
C. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure
D. Valvular insufficiency
