H12 tumor immunology and immunotherapy
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow progenitor:
- Lymphoid progenitor cells
- Myeloid progenitor cells
Innate immune cells:
- act early and non-specifically
- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells,
macrophages (from monocytes)
Adaptive immune cells:
- act later and respond specifically to antigens presented by antigen presenting
cells (APCs)
o B cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
Anti-tumor function= recognize and destroy tumor cells, including virus- infected cells
Pro-tumor function = selective pressure that allows tumor cells to evolve immune-
evasive traits
12.1 lymphocytes: B cells and T cells
B cells make and secrete antibodies
- Y shaped:
o 2 identical heavy chains
o 2 identical light chains
- Fab region (= variable AA sequences that determine antigen specificity)
- Fc region (=regulates immune functions)
- Classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
, Type Belangrijkste functies Kenmerken / Locatie
Neutralisatie van toxines/virussen,
- in bloed en extracellulaire vloeistof -
IgG Opsonisatie (bevordert fagocytose),
Lange halfwaardetijd
Kan placenta passeren
IgM - activator van complementsysteem - Groot molecuul, blijft in bloed
- mucosale oppervlakken (darmen,
IgA
luchtwegen, tranen, moedermelk)
IgD - receptor op naïeve B-cellen - Lage concentraties in serum
- Betrokken bij allergieën en anafylaxie -
IgE - Belangrijk tegen parasieten
Activeert mestcellen en basofielen
Antibody production triggered by protein, lipid, or polysaccharide antigens and
requires B cell – T cell interaction in lymphoid foliciles
differentiation of B cells
memory B cells
plasma cells that produce IgG antibodies
Polyclonal antibody = meerdere antibodies binden aan antigen
Monoclonal anibody = 1 antibody bindt aan antigen
- Production using hybridomas: a fused B cell + myeloma cancer celle
T cells (CD4+ helper cell and CD8+ cytotoxic cell)
- Require antigens to be presented by APCs recognition
- Mature in thymus
- Memory T cells
Cytokines = signal molecules
- Interferon-yamma activates macrophages
- Interleukines regulate growth of B/T cells
- Chemokines attracts cells to location
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) = suppress immune activity
12.2 the tumor suppressive roles of the immune system
3 mechanisms of cancer prevention
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow progenitor:
- Lymphoid progenitor cells
- Myeloid progenitor cells
Innate immune cells:
- act early and non-specifically
- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells,
macrophages (from monocytes)
Adaptive immune cells:
- act later and respond specifically to antigens presented by antigen presenting
cells (APCs)
o B cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
Anti-tumor function= recognize and destroy tumor cells, including virus- infected cells
Pro-tumor function = selective pressure that allows tumor cells to evolve immune-
evasive traits
12.1 lymphocytes: B cells and T cells
B cells make and secrete antibodies
- Y shaped:
o 2 identical heavy chains
o 2 identical light chains
- Fab region (= variable AA sequences that determine antigen specificity)
- Fc region (=regulates immune functions)
- Classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
, Type Belangrijkste functies Kenmerken / Locatie
Neutralisatie van toxines/virussen,
- in bloed en extracellulaire vloeistof -
IgG Opsonisatie (bevordert fagocytose),
Lange halfwaardetijd
Kan placenta passeren
IgM - activator van complementsysteem - Groot molecuul, blijft in bloed
- mucosale oppervlakken (darmen,
IgA
luchtwegen, tranen, moedermelk)
IgD - receptor op naïeve B-cellen - Lage concentraties in serum
- Betrokken bij allergieën en anafylaxie -
IgE - Belangrijk tegen parasieten
Activeert mestcellen en basofielen
Antibody production triggered by protein, lipid, or polysaccharide antigens and
requires B cell – T cell interaction in lymphoid foliciles
differentiation of B cells
memory B cells
plasma cells that produce IgG antibodies
Polyclonal antibody = meerdere antibodies binden aan antigen
Monoclonal anibody = 1 antibody bindt aan antigen
- Production using hybridomas: a fused B cell + myeloma cancer celle
T cells (CD4+ helper cell and CD8+ cytotoxic cell)
- Require antigens to be presented by APCs recognition
- Mature in thymus
- Memory T cells
Cytokines = signal molecules
- Interferon-yamma activates macrophages
- Interleukines regulate growth of B/T cells
- Chemokines attracts cells to location
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) = suppress immune activity
12.2 the tumor suppressive roles of the immune system
3 mechanisms of cancer prevention
