Principles of Biochemistry Final Exam Practice | Verified Questions & Correct Answers

Principles of Biochemistry- Final
Exam with questions and answers
written correctly

DNA contains 2 antiparallel strands of nucleotides joined by - correct answer <<<✨✨✨3'->5'
phosphodiester linkages



Eukaryotic DNA molecules are packaged with histones to form ___________, which is the fundamental
unit of chromatin - correct answer <<<✨✨✨a nucleosome



What is a nucleosome composed of? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (two
molecules each) and 146 bp of DNA



Name this type of RNA:



Carries genetic information from the gene to a ribosome, where the corresponding protein can be
synthesized - correct answer <<<✨✨✨mRNA



Name this type of RNA:



An integral part of ribosomes, accounts for ~80% of RNA in cells - correct answer <<<✨✨✨rRNA



Name this type of RNA:



Carries activated amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨tRNA

,Name this type of RNA:



has catalytic activity (catalyze cleavage of RNA) or associates with proteins to enhance activity - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨small RNA



DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point known as the - correct answer <<<✨✨✨origin of
replication (Ori)




DNA replication is ________ (unidirectional/ bidirectional) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨bidirectional



What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesizes new DNA strand



What is the function of DNA polymerase I? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨fills gaps; excision of primers



What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs)? - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨stabilize separated DNA strands



What is the function of primase? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesize short RNA primers



This term refers to the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template -
correct answer <<<✨✨✨transcription



The 5'-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is a(n) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨7-
methylguanosine joined to the mRNA via a 5' ->5' triphosphate linkgage



List the 4 steps in transcription in order - correct answer <<<✨✨✨1. Initiation

2. Unwinding of double-helical DNA

, 3. Elongation

4. Termination



Each tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence known as a(n) ________ that is complementary to the
mRNA specifying the tRNA's amino acid. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨anticodon



How does RNA polymerase know which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is
present on only one strand for a given gene



In eukaryotes, where are mRNAs synthesized in the cell? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨nucleus



In eukaryotes, where does most translation occur? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨cytoplasm



At the ribosome, the template mRNA is translated in the _______ direction, while the protein is
synthesized in the _______ direction. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨5' -> 3'; N-terminal to C-terminal



At the replication fork the _______ (leading/lagging) strand is synthesized continuously while the
________ (leading/lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨leading;
lagging



DNA replication in E. coli begins at a site in the DNA called the ______ - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨origin



This term refers to the process in which the genetic information present in an mRNA specifies the
sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis - correct answer <<<✨✨✨translation



This term refers to the protein machinery that replicates DNA - correct answer <<<✨✨✨replisome



DNA polymerase requires a/an ____ for synthesis to occur.