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BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
1. Directions: This is a short free-response question that requires about 6 minutes to answer. Read the question
carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams
alone are not acceptable.
The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c was determined for five different species of vertebrates. The table
below shows the number of differences in the sequences between each pair of species
(a) Using the data in the table, create a phylogenetic tree on the template provided to reflect the evolutionary
relationships of the organisms. Provide reasoning for the placement on the tree of the species that is least related
to the others.
(b) Identify whether morphological data or amino acid sequence data are more likely to accurately represent the
true evolutionary relationships among the species, and provide reasoning for your answer.
Part A
2 points
Phylogenetic tree (1 point)
NOTE: There can be free rotation around the nodes in the tree.
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Reasoning (1 point)
· D. polylepis has the most differences in amino acids (or changes in DNA or proteins as they relate to amino acids).
0 1 2
Student response earns two of the following points.
Phylogenetic tree (1 point)
NOTE: There can be free rotation around the nodes in the tree.
Reasoning (1 point)
· D. polylepis has the most differences in amino acids (or changes in DNA or proteins as they relate to amino acids).
Part B
2 points
Identification (1 point)
· Amino acid/molecular data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Morphology may be similar (due to convergent evolution/analogous structures) even if there are differences in amino
acid/DNA sequences.
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BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
· Molecular data (e.g. amino acid changes, DNA changes) directly show genetic make-up/ reveal evolution.
OR
Identification (1 point)
· Morphological data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Similar molecular sequences may result in different morphologies.
· An example of species with similar proteins but different morphology (e.g., chimps and humans).
0 1 2
Student response earns two of the following points.
Identification (1 point)
· Amino acid/molecular data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Morphology may be similar (due to convergent evolution/analogous structures) even if there are differences in amino
acid/DNA sequences.
· Molecular data (e.g. amino acid changes, DNA changes) directly show genetic make-up/ reveal evolution.
OR
Identification (1 point)
· Morphological data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Similar molecular sequences may result in different morphologies.
· An example of species with similar proteins but different morphology (e.g., chimps and humans).
2.
A small number of lizards from a mainland population have been deposited on four isolated islands because of the
effects of a rare strong storm.
Which of the following best predicts the outcome of these lizards reproducing for many generations on the islands?
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(A) Courtship rituals specific to each island lizard species prevent the lizards from interbreeding.
(B) Speciation results from bottleneck events that happened before the ancestral species reached the islands.
The different species that currently exist are the result of hybridization between lizards from different
(C)
islands.
(D) The isolation prevents gene flow; thus, the lizards on different islands experience prezygotic isolation.
3. A moth's color is controlled by two alleles, G and g, at a single locus. G (gray) is dominant to g (white). A large
population of moths was studied, and the frequency of the G allele in the population over time was documented, as
shown in the figure below. In 1980 a random sample of 2,000 pupae was collected and moths were allowed to
emerge.
Assuming that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what percentage of moths in the
natural population was white in 1962 ?
(A) 2%
(B) 4%
(C) 8%
(D) 20%
(E) 64%
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AP BIOLOGY Scoring Guide
BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
1. Directions: This is a short free-response question that requires about 6 minutes to answer. Read the question
carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams
alone are not acceptable.
The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c was determined for five different species of vertebrates. The table
below shows the number of differences in the sequences between each pair of species
(a) Using the data in the table, create a phylogenetic tree on the template provided to reflect the evolutionary
relationships of the organisms. Provide reasoning for the placement on the tree of the species that is least related
to the others.
(b) Identify whether morphological data or amino acid sequence data are more likely to accurately represent the
true evolutionary relationships among the species, and provide reasoning for your answer.
Part A
2 points
Phylogenetic tree (1 point)
NOTE: There can be free rotation around the nodes in the tree.
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BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
Reasoning (1 point)
· D. polylepis has the most differences in amino acids (or changes in DNA or proteins as they relate to amino acids).
0 1 2
Student response earns two of the following points.
Phylogenetic tree (1 point)
NOTE: There can be free rotation around the nodes in the tree.
Reasoning (1 point)
· D. polylepis has the most differences in amino acids (or changes in DNA or proteins as they relate to amino acids).
Part B
2 points
Identification (1 point)
· Amino acid/molecular data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Morphology may be similar (due to convergent evolution/analogous structures) even if there are differences in amino
acid/DNA sequences.
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Scoring Guide
BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
· Molecular data (e.g. amino acid changes, DNA changes) directly show genetic make-up/ reveal evolution.
OR
Identification (1 point)
· Morphological data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Similar molecular sequences may result in different morphologies.
· An example of species with similar proteins but different morphology (e.g., chimps and humans).
0 1 2
Student response earns two of the following points.
Identification (1 point)
· Amino acid/molecular data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Morphology may be similar (due to convergent evolution/analogous structures) even if there are differences in amino
acid/DNA sequences.
· Molecular data (e.g. amino acid changes, DNA changes) directly show genetic make-up/ reveal evolution.
OR
Identification (1 point)
· Morphological data
Reasoning (1 point)
· Similar molecular sequences may result in different morphologies.
· An example of species with similar proteins but different morphology (e.g., chimps and humans).
2.
A small number of lizards from a mainland population have been deposited on four isolated islands because of the
effects of a rare strong storm.
Which of the following best predicts the outcome of these lizards reproducing for many generations on the islands?
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BN202 Ch 16,17,19,40
(A) Courtship rituals specific to each island lizard species prevent the lizards from interbreeding.
(B) Speciation results from bottleneck events that happened before the ancestral species reached the islands.
The different species that currently exist are the result of hybridization between lizards from different
(C)
islands.
(D) The isolation prevents gene flow; thus, the lizards on different islands experience prezygotic isolation.
3. A moth's color is controlled by two alleles, G and g, at a single locus. G (gray) is dominant to g (white). A large
population of moths was studied, and the frequency of the G allele in the population over time was documented, as
shown in the figure below. In 1980 a random sample of 2,000 pupae was collected and moths were allowed to
emerge.
Assuming that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what percentage of moths in the
natural population was white in 1962 ?
(A) 2%
(B) 4%
(C) 8%
(D) 20%
(E) 64%
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