NYSTCE Multi-Subject:Teachers
of Childhood (Grade 1- Grade
6) LITERACY AND ENGLISH
LANGUAGE ARTS
curriculum-based measures - ANSWER determine student progress and performance based
on specific lessons presented in the unit
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER expanded on operant conditioning, but focused on responding to
environment in lieu of responding to stimuli--behaviorist
pre-speech stage - ANSWER stage of language acquisition; infants learn to pay attention to
speech, inflection, and rhythm before they begin to speak
speech emergence - ANSWER 3rd stage of SLA; learners are able to chunk simple words and
phrases into sentences that may or may not be grammatically correct
accommodation - ANSWER provide a student access to the same curriculum as their grade-
level peers, but information is presented in a different way
polychronic culture - ANSWER culture that views time more holistically and is able to
conceive of many things happening at once
,content-based language instruction - ANSWER the use of subject matter material (such as
math, science, or social studies) as the basis for practicing communicative skills
acculturation - ANSWER the process of adapting to a new culture
idiom - ANSWER a group of words whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meanings of
the individual words in the group
reciprocal determinism - ANSWER the theory by Albert Bandura that behavior is determined
by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli
noncount noun - ANSWER noun that cannot be counted and thus cannot be changed into a
plural form
demonstrative pronouns - ANSWER point out or draw attention to something or someone
(This is my apartment.)
Basic Inventory of Natural Language (BINL) - ANSWER used to measure oral-language
proficiency in 1 of 32 different languages by asking students to describe a set of images
participial phrase - ANSWER a verbal phrase that acts as an adjective
simple sentence - ANSWER has only one independent clause and no dependent clauses
integrative framework - ANSWER a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining
content across disciplines
, acquisition-learning hypothesis - ANSWER 1 of the 5 hypotheses of the monitor model;
learning the rules of a language will not allow users to produce output; only authentic
acquisition will allow students to use their new language effectively
morphology - ANSWER the study of word forms and their component parts
equal access - ANSWER provides procedural safeguards to ensure that all students receive
the same benefits of public education regardless of disabilities
silent period - ANSWER time at the beginning of SLA when students are either unwilling or
unable to communicate in their new langauge
Erik Erikson - ANSWER a researcher who developed a theory of psychosocial development
that focuses on reconciling individual needs with the needs of society through stages
active voice - ANSWER a sentence construction in which the subject of the sentence
performs the main action of the sentence
prepositional phrase - ANSWER a phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with an
object of the preposition
semantics - ANSWER the study of meaning in language
regional and social dialects - ANSWER language variations that are common to the people in
a certain region or social group
indefinite pronouns - ANSWER refers to a nonspecific thing or things (Someone has to know
the answer.)
, Albert Bandura - ANSWER a Canadian psychologist who developed the social learning
theory
attribution theory - ANSWER internal attribution is assumed when other people make
mistakes or are victims, as individuals tend to see others as a predictable stereotype; when an
individual makes a mistake, he or she tends to view the cause as external
IDEA Proficiency Tests (IPT) - ANSWER designed to measure the oral proficiency and reading
and writing abilities of K-12 students; measure content such as vocabulary, syntax, and reading
for understanding and are available in both English and Spanish
John Dewey - ANSWER a pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific
inquiry and experimentation; he advocated real-world experiences and volunteerism
honeymoon stage - ANSWER first stage of acculturation; students are delighted about the
novelty of the new culture around them
direct method - ANSWER the principles that second languages should be acquired in much
the same way as first languages; also called the natural method
semi-authentic materials - ANSWER materials based on original materials that have been
adapted to fit the lesson objectives and the needs of students
Castañeda v. Pickard - ANSWER A 1981 case in which it was decided that ELL programs must
meet three different requirements: 1) the program must be based on sound academic theory;
2) it must have adequate resources and personnel to implement it; and 3) the program must
conduct evaluation to determine if the language barriers of students are being overcome.
of Childhood (Grade 1- Grade
6) LITERACY AND ENGLISH
LANGUAGE ARTS
curriculum-based measures - ANSWER determine student progress and performance based
on specific lessons presented in the unit
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER expanded on operant conditioning, but focused on responding to
environment in lieu of responding to stimuli--behaviorist
pre-speech stage - ANSWER stage of language acquisition; infants learn to pay attention to
speech, inflection, and rhythm before they begin to speak
speech emergence - ANSWER 3rd stage of SLA; learners are able to chunk simple words and
phrases into sentences that may or may not be grammatically correct
accommodation - ANSWER provide a student access to the same curriculum as their grade-
level peers, but information is presented in a different way
polychronic culture - ANSWER culture that views time more holistically and is able to
conceive of many things happening at once
,content-based language instruction - ANSWER the use of subject matter material (such as
math, science, or social studies) as the basis for practicing communicative skills
acculturation - ANSWER the process of adapting to a new culture
idiom - ANSWER a group of words whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meanings of
the individual words in the group
reciprocal determinism - ANSWER the theory by Albert Bandura that behavior is determined
by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli
noncount noun - ANSWER noun that cannot be counted and thus cannot be changed into a
plural form
demonstrative pronouns - ANSWER point out or draw attention to something or someone
(This is my apartment.)
Basic Inventory of Natural Language (BINL) - ANSWER used to measure oral-language
proficiency in 1 of 32 different languages by asking students to describe a set of images
participial phrase - ANSWER a verbal phrase that acts as an adjective
simple sentence - ANSWER has only one independent clause and no dependent clauses
integrative framework - ANSWER a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining
content across disciplines
, acquisition-learning hypothesis - ANSWER 1 of the 5 hypotheses of the monitor model;
learning the rules of a language will not allow users to produce output; only authentic
acquisition will allow students to use their new language effectively
morphology - ANSWER the study of word forms and their component parts
equal access - ANSWER provides procedural safeguards to ensure that all students receive
the same benefits of public education regardless of disabilities
silent period - ANSWER time at the beginning of SLA when students are either unwilling or
unable to communicate in their new langauge
Erik Erikson - ANSWER a researcher who developed a theory of psychosocial development
that focuses on reconciling individual needs with the needs of society through stages
active voice - ANSWER a sentence construction in which the subject of the sentence
performs the main action of the sentence
prepositional phrase - ANSWER a phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with an
object of the preposition
semantics - ANSWER the study of meaning in language
regional and social dialects - ANSWER language variations that are common to the people in
a certain region or social group
indefinite pronouns - ANSWER refers to a nonspecific thing or things (Someone has to know
the answer.)
, Albert Bandura - ANSWER a Canadian psychologist who developed the social learning
theory
attribution theory - ANSWER internal attribution is assumed when other people make
mistakes or are victims, as individuals tend to see others as a predictable stereotype; when an
individual makes a mistake, he or she tends to view the cause as external
IDEA Proficiency Tests (IPT) - ANSWER designed to measure the oral proficiency and reading
and writing abilities of K-12 students; measure content such as vocabulary, syntax, and reading
for understanding and are available in both English and Spanish
John Dewey - ANSWER a pragmatic philosopher who viewed learning as a series of scientific
inquiry and experimentation; he advocated real-world experiences and volunteerism
honeymoon stage - ANSWER first stage of acculturation; students are delighted about the
novelty of the new culture around them
direct method - ANSWER the principles that second languages should be acquired in much
the same way as first languages; also called the natural method
semi-authentic materials - ANSWER materials based on original materials that have been
adapted to fit the lesson objectives and the needs of students
Castañeda v. Pickard - ANSWER A 1981 case in which it was decided that ELL programs must
meet three different requirements: 1) the program must be based on sound academic theory;
2) it must have adequate resources and personnel to implement it; and 3) the program must
conduct evaluation to determine if the language barriers of students are being overcome.
