1
Test Bank for Pathophysiology: Introductory
Concepts and Clinical Perspectives (3rd
Edition, Capriotti, 2024)
1. Which option best explains why more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
A. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
B. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
C. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
D. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 3
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Mitochondria
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Protein synthesis is the function of ribosomes. An increase in
the synthesis of proteins does not yield energy and is not directly related to
exercise.
B This is incorrect. In aerobic energy metabolism created by exercise, anaerobic
metabolism, also referred to as glycolysis, occurs outside the mitochondria. In
anaerobic metabolism, glucose is used to create energy.
C This is incorrect. Conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid in cellular hypoxia is
noxious to cells and does not create energy.
D This is correct. Exercise stimulates mitochondria found in the muscle cells to
create energy. This process is supported by the increased number of
mitochondria found in muscle cells.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
2. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
A. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
B. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
C. During severe hypoxia
D. During the processing of prohormone
ANS: C
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Ribosomes
, 2
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Ribosomal protein synthesis does not cease during
endoplasmic reticulum stress.
B This is incorrect. ATP is synthesized in energy metabolism. It does not interfere
with protein synthesis.
C This is correct. When the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, their
ribosomal protein synthesis ceases.
D This is incorrect. The processing of prohormones to hormones does not stop the
process of protein synthesis.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
3. Which cellular components are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out
of the lungs?
A. Cilia
B. Microfilaments
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endoplasmic reticula
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is correct. The cilia are responsible for propelling the mucus and inhaled
debris out of the lungs using a sweeping motion.
B This is incorrect. Microfilaments help in changing the shape of certain cells,
such as during macrophage movement and contraction of muscle.
C This is incorrect. Secretory vesicles store substances, such as hormones, that are
secreted by cells before they are released into the extracellular space.
D This is incorrect. The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the transport of synthesized
protein from the ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
4. What are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
A. Actin and myosin
B. Prohormone and tubulin
, 3
C. Tubulin and actin
D. Myosin and prohormone
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is correct. Actin and myosin are the key proteins in the contractile unit of
the muscle cells.
B This is incorrect. Prohormones are transferred to the Golgi apparatus to be
converted into complete hormones, and tubulin is associated with microtubule
formation; neither are key elements in the contractile units of the muscle cells.
C This is incorrect. Microtubules are hollow filaments composed of tubulin. So
tubulin is associated with microtubule formation, not the contractile units of the
muscle cells.
D This is incorrect. Prohormones are not one of the key proteins in the contractile
units of the muscle cells. They are transferred to the Golgi apparatus to be
converted into complete hormones.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
5. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sachs disease?
A. Proteasome
B. Peroxisome
C. Macrophage
D. Lysosomal enzymes
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 4
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Lysosomes>Lack of Lysosomal Enzymes and
Disease
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is incorrect. A deficiency of proteasome in the cell does not cause
Tay-Sachs disease. Proteasome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes
similar to lysosomes and degrades polypeptide chains and proteins.
Test Bank for Pathophysiology: Introductory
Concepts and Clinical Perspectives (3rd
Edition, Capriotti, 2024)
1. Which option best explains why more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
A. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
B. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
C. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
D. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 3
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Mitochondria
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Protein synthesis is the function of ribosomes. An increase in
the synthesis of proteins does not yield energy and is not directly related to
exercise.
B This is incorrect. In aerobic energy metabolism created by exercise, anaerobic
metabolism, also referred to as glycolysis, occurs outside the mitochondria. In
anaerobic metabolism, glucose is used to create energy.
C This is incorrect. Conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid in cellular hypoxia is
noxious to cells and does not create energy.
D This is correct. Exercise stimulates mitochondria found in the muscle cells to
create energy. This process is supported by the increased number of
mitochondria found in muscle cells.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
2. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
A. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
B. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
C. During severe hypoxia
D. During the processing of prohormone
ANS: C
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Ribosomes
, 2
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A This is incorrect. Ribosomal protein synthesis does not cease during
endoplasmic reticulum stress.
B This is incorrect. ATP is synthesized in energy metabolism. It does not interfere
with protein synthesis.
C This is correct. When the cells are deprived of adequate oxygen supply, their
ribosomal protein synthesis ceases.
D This is incorrect. The processing of prohormones to hormones does not stop the
process of protein synthesis.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
3. Which cellular components are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out
of the lungs?
A. Cilia
B. Microfilaments
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endoplasmic reticula
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is correct. The cilia are responsible for propelling the mucus and inhaled
debris out of the lungs using a sweeping motion.
B This is incorrect. Microfilaments help in changing the shape of certain cells,
such as during macrophage movement and contraction of muscle.
C This is incorrect. Secretory vesicles store substances, such as hormones, that are
secreted by cells before they are released into the extracellular space.
D This is incorrect. The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the transport of synthesized
protein from the ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
4. What are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
A. Actin and myosin
B. Prohormone and tubulin
, 3
C. Tubulin and actin
D. Myosin and prohormone
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 5
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Endoplasmic Reticulum>Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is correct. Actin and myosin are the key proteins in the contractile unit of
the muscle cells.
B This is incorrect. Prohormones are transferred to the Golgi apparatus to be
converted into complete hormones, and tubulin is associated with microtubule
formation; neither are key elements in the contractile units of the muscle cells.
C This is incorrect. Microtubules are hollow filaments composed of tubulin. So
tubulin is associated with microtubule formation, not the contractile units of the
muscle cells.
D This is incorrect. Prohormones are not one of the key proteins in the contractile
units of the muscle cells. They are transferred to the Golgi apparatus to be
converted into complete hormones.
PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation
5. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sachs disease?
A. Proteasome
B. Peroxisome
C. Macrophage
D. Lysosomal enzymes
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Objective: Recognize the major organelles and their function within the cell.
Page: 4
Heading: Cell Structure and Function>Lysosomes>Lack of Lysosomal Enzymes and
Disease
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Cellular Regulation
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
A This is incorrect. A deficiency of proteasome in the cell does not cause
Tay-Sachs disease. Proteasome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes
similar to lysosomes and degrades polypeptide chains and proteins.
