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Midterm Exam|PN 4003 Midterm Exam: Questions & Answers|Guaranteed A+ Score

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What is respiratory acidosis? (Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess What is respiratory alkalosis? (Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit What is metabolic acidosis? (Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit What is metabolic alkalosis? (Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood? (Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3) respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood? (Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3)fluid imbalances: dehydration (Ansloss of body fluids = increased concentration of solutes in blood & rise in serum Na+ fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to shrink & not function properly fluid imbalances: hypovolemia (AnsExcessive fluid loss (hemorrhage) can progress to hypovolemic shock isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting) fluid imbalances: hypervolemia (AnsExcess fluid in extracellular as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance leads to CHF & pulmonary edemafluid imbalances: water intoxication (Ans- hypotonic extracellular fluid shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance cells swell normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range (Ans- 45-35 normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range (Ans- 22-26 sodium range (Ans- 135-145 mEq/L

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PN 4003 Midterm Exam: Questions & Answers
What is respiratory acidosis?
(Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess


What is respiratory alkalosis?
(Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit


What is metabolic acidosis?
(Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit


What is metabolic alkalosis?
(Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess


metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood?
(Ans- bicarbonate (NaHCO3)


respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood?
(Ans- carbonic acid (H2CO3)

, fluid imbalances: dehydration
(Ans-
loss of body fluids = increased concentration of solutes in blood & rise
in serum Na+
fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to
shrink & not function properly


fluid imbalances: hypovolemia
(Ans-
Excessive fluid loss (hemorrhage)
can progress to hypovolemic shock
isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting)


fluid imbalances: hypervolemia
(Ans-
Excess fluid in extracellular as a result of fluid or sodium retention,
excessive intake, or renal failure
occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
leads to CHF & pulmonary edema

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