TESTBANK
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments a
nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to beTa growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are workin
g more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenTmen and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other m
etals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme productio
n (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions tha
t transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio
n.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose th
e proper amountTof emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emo
tion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the
capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whate
ver the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, andTmany of them also pay state, local, and federal income ta
x and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount thes
e merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im
migrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other eth
nic groups. BlackTwomen have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property an
d served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women endedTu
p serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and ImprisonmentTin theTU.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: ForTboth murderTand drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received
...aslongerasperiodsasinasprison.asANS:a s B PTS: 2
6. It'sasevenasmoreasimportantastheseasdaysasthatasyourascomputerasbeasprotectedasbyasaasfirewall.asThereas
areascriminalaselementsaslurkingasinastheasshadowsasofascyberspaceaswhoassendasoutasprobesastoasdetect
asunprotectedasPCs.asOncea s aasvulnerableascomputerasisasfound,astheseascriminalsasinstallassoftwareast
hatasassistsasthemasinascommittingasidentasityastheftasandasfencingasstolenasIDs.asTheyasalsoasdefraudaso
nlineasadvertisersasbyasusingTtheseaszombieascomputeasrsastoasvisitaspay-per-clickasads.
a. Argument;asconclusion:asThereasareascriminalaselementsas...astoasdetectasunprotectedasPCs.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asOnceasaasvulnerableascomputeras...asfencingasstolenasIDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;asconclusion:asTheyasalsoasdefraudas...astoasvisitaspay-per-clickasads.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asIt'sasevenasmoreasimportantas...asprotectedasbyasaas
firewall.asANS:a s E PTS: 2
7. Theasearthasisasofasinterestastoasastronomyasforasmanyasreasons.asNearlyasallasobservationsasmustasbeas
madeasthroughastheasatmosphere,asandastheasphenomenaasofastheasupperasatmosphereasandastheTmagnet
osphereasreflectastheasstateasofasinterplanetaryasspace.asTheasearthasisasalsoastheasmostasimportantasobje
ctasofascomparisonasforasplanetologists.
HannuasKarttunen,asetasal.,asFundamentalasAstronomy
a. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasphenomenaas...asstateasofasinterplanetaryasspace.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasearthasisasalsoas...asforasplanetologists.
c. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasearthasisasofasinterestastoasastronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asNearlyasallasobservationsas...asthroughastheasatmos
phere.asANS:a s C PTS: 2
8. IfastheTtradeasinastigerasproductsasisasbanned,astigerasreservesasareasguardedasbyaswellasequippedasstaff,as
communitiea s sasabuttingastigerashabitatasareasgivenasaasstakeasinasprotectingastigers,asandastheasmakersa
sofastraditionalasmedicinesascasanasbeaspersuadedasthatastigeraspartsasareasnotasneeded,asthenastigeraspoac
hingaswillasbeashalted,ashabitatasandaslifeassusastainingaspreyaswillasbeTrestored,asandastheasimmanentase
xtinctionasofastigersasinastheaswildaswillasbeasaverted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asTheastradeasinastigerasproductsasisasbanned.
c. Argument;asconclusion:asTigeraspoachingaswillasbeashalted.
2
, d. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasmakersasofastraditionalasmedicinesas...asnotasneeded.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asTigeraspoachingwill..be..halted.......will..be..avert
ed...ANS:. . A PTS: 2
9. Humans..are..biological..organisms...To..understand..our..behavior..and..mental..processes,..we..need..to..
un..derstand..their..biological..underpinnings,..starting..with..the..cellular..level,..the..neuron...How..we..fe
el,..lea..rn,..remember,..and..think..all..stem..from..neuronal..activity...So,..how..aTneuron..works..and..how
..neurons..c..ommunicate..are..crucial..pieces..of..information..in..solving..the..puzzle..of..human..behavior
Tand..mental..pr..ocessing.
Richard..Griggs,..Psychology:..A..Concise..Introduction
a. Argument;..conclusion:..To..understand..our..behavior.......the..neuron.
b. Argument;..conclusion:..Humans..are..biological..organisms.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..How..we..feel.......neuronal..activity.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..How..a..neuron..works.......mental..processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:. . D PTS: 2
10. Viruses..are..acellular..entities..too..small..to..be..seen..with..a..light..microscope...They..are..composedTof..
a..n..ucleic..acid..and..a..few..proteins...Viruses..replicate..themselves..and..display..other..properties..of..liv
ing..org..anisms..only..when..they..have..invaded..living..cells...Indeed,..some..viruses..can..be..crystallized
..and..stored..in..a..container..on..a..shelf..for..years,..but..they..retain..the..capacity..to..invade..cells..andTcau
se..disease.
Jacquelyn..C...Black,..Microbiology:..Principles..and..Explorations
a. Argument;..conclusion:..They..are..composed..of..a..nucleic..acid..and..a..few..proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..Viruses..are..acellular..entities.......microscope.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..Indeed,..some..viruses..can..be..crystallized.......cause..disease.
e. Argument;..conclusion:..Viruses..replicate..themselves.......invaded..living..cell
s...ANS:. . B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing..the..clean,..abundant..energy..of..the..sun..and..wind..is..critical..to..solving..the..global..warm
ing..problem...Technological..advances..have..brought..the..cost..of..electricity..generated..by..the..wind..
down..b..y..82..percent..since..1981...Solar..energy..technology..has..made..remarkable..progress..as..new..
photovoltai. . c..cells..have..been..developed..to..convert..even..greater..amounts..of..sunlight..directly..int
o..electricity...Tod..ay..the..costs..of..wind..and..solar..power..are..becoming..competitive..withTdirty..coal
-fired..plants.
Sierra..Club,.."Global..Warming..Solutions"
a. Argument;..conclusion:..Today..the..costs..of..wind.......dirty..coal-fired..plants.
b. Argument;..conclusion:..Technological..advances.......by..82..percent..since..1981.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..Harnessing..the..clean.......the..global..warming..problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;..conclusion:..Solar..energy..technology.......directly..into..electricit
y...ANS:. . D PTS: 2
12. It..is..likely..that..innocent..prisoners..inTthis..country..have..been..executed..for..crimes..they..did..not..com
mit...From..1973..until..2007,..124..death..row..inmates..have..been..exonerated...In..many..of..these..cases..
DNA..evi..dence..played..a..crucial..role...Yet,..in..that..same..time..frame,..more..than..1000..prisoners..wer
e..executed...F..or..many..of..these..prisoners..no..DNA..evidence..was..available...If..such..evidence..had..be
en..available,..how..may..more..would..have..been..exonerated?
a. Argument;..conclusion:..In..many..of..these..cases.......played..a..crucial..role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..From..1973.......have..been..exonerated.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..For..many..of..these..prisoners.......was..available.
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: TheTfollowing selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments a
nd identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to beTa growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are workin
g more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... betweenTmen and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other m
etals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme productio
n (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions tha
t transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall informatio
n.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose th
e proper amountTof emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emo
tion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the
capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whate
ver the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, andTmany of them also pay state, local, and federal income ta
x and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount thes
e merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal im
migrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
1
, a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other eth
nic groups. BlackTwomen have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property an
d served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women endedTu
p serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and ImprisonmentTin theTU.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: ForTboth murderTand drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received
...aslongerasperiodsasinasprison.asANS:a s B PTS: 2
6. It'sasevenasmoreasimportantastheseasdaysasthatasyourascomputerasbeasprotectedasbyasaasfirewall.asThereas
areascriminalaselementsaslurkingasinastheasshadowsasofascyberspaceaswhoassendasoutasprobesastoasdetect
asunprotectedasPCs.asOncea s aasvulnerableascomputerasisasfound,astheseascriminalsasinstallassoftwareast
hatasassistsasthemasinascommittingasidentasityastheftasandasfencingasstolenasIDs.asTheyasalsoasdefraudaso
nlineasadvertisersasbyasusingTtheseaszombieascomputeasrsastoasvisitaspay-per-clickasads.
a. Argument;asconclusion:asThereasareascriminalaselementsas...astoasdetectasunprotectedasPCs.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asOnceasaasvulnerableascomputeras...asfencingasstolenasIDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;asconclusion:asTheyasalsoasdefraudas...astoasvisitaspay-per-clickasads.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asIt'sasevenasmoreasimportantas...asprotectedasbyasaas
firewall.asANS:a s E PTS: 2
7. Theasearthasisasofasinterestastoasastronomyasforasmanyasreasons.asNearlyasallasobservationsasmustasbeas
madeasthroughastheasatmosphere,asandastheasphenomenaasofastheasupperasatmosphereasandastheTmagnet
osphereasreflectastheasstateasofasinterplanetaryasspace.asTheasearthasisasalsoastheasmostasimportantasobje
ctasofascomparisonasforasplanetologists.
HannuasKarttunen,asetasal.,asFundamentalasAstronomy
a. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasphenomenaas...asstateasofasinterplanetaryasspace.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasearthasisasalsoas...asforasplanetologists.
c. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasearthasisasofasinterestastoasastronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asNearlyasallasobservationsas...asthroughastheasatmos
phere.asANS:a s C PTS: 2
8. IfastheTtradeasinastigerasproductsasisasbanned,astigerasreservesasareasguardedasbyaswellasequippedasstaff,as
communitiea s sasabuttingastigerashabitatasareasgivenasaasstakeasinasprotectingastigers,asandastheasmakersa
sofastraditionalasmedicinesascasanasbeaspersuadedasthatastigeraspartsasareasnotasneeded,asthenastigeraspoac
hingaswillasbeashalted,ashabitatasandaslifeassusastainingaspreyaswillasbeTrestored,asandastheasimmanentase
xtinctionasofastigersasinastheaswildaswillasbeasaverted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument;asconclusion:asTheastradeasinastigerasproductsasisasbanned.
c. Argument;asconclusion:asTigeraspoachingaswillasbeashalted.
2
, d. Argument;asconclusion:asTheasmakersasofastraditionalasmedicinesas...asnotasneeded.
e. Argument;asconclusion:asTigeraspoachingwill..be..halted.......will..be..avert
ed...ANS:. . A PTS: 2
9. Humans..are..biological..organisms...To..understand..our..behavior..and..mental..processes,..we..need..to..
un..derstand..their..biological..underpinnings,..starting..with..the..cellular..level,..the..neuron...How..we..fe
el,..lea..rn,..remember,..and..think..all..stem..from..neuronal..activity...So,..how..aTneuron..works..and..how
..neurons..c..ommunicate..are..crucial..pieces..of..information..in..solving..the..puzzle..of..human..behavior
Tand..mental..pr..ocessing.
Richard..Griggs,..Psychology:..A..Concise..Introduction
a. Argument;..conclusion:..To..understand..our..behavior.......the..neuron.
b. Argument;..conclusion:..Humans..are..biological..organisms.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..How..we..feel.......neuronal..activity.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..How..a..neuron..works.......mental..processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS:. . D PTS: 2
10. Viruses..are..acellular..entities..too..small..to..be..seen..with..a..light..microscope...They..are..composedTof..
a..n..ucleic..acid..and..a..few..proteins...Viruses..replicate..themselves..and..display..other..properties..of..liv
ing..org..anisms..only..when..they..have..invaded..living..cells...Indeed,..some..viruses..can..be..crystallized
..and..stored..in..a..container..on..a..shelf..for..years,..but..they..retain..the..capacity..to..invade..cells..andTcau
se..disease.
Jacquelyn..C...Black,..Microbiology:..Principles..and..Explorations
a. Argument;..conclusion:..They..are..composed..of..a..nucleic..acid..and..a..few..proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..Viruses..are..acellular..entities.......microscope.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..Indeed,..some..viruses..can..be..crystallized.......cause..disease.
e. Argument;..conclusion:..Viruses..replicate..themselves.......invaded..living..cell
s...ANS:. . B PTS: 2
11. Harnessing..the..clean,..abundant..energy..of..the..sun..and..wind..is..critical..to..solving..the..global..warm
ing..problem...Technological..advances..have..brought..the..cost..of..electricity..generated..by..the..wind..
down..b..y..82..percent..since..1981...Solar..energy..technology..has..made..remarkable..progress..as..new..
photovoltai. . c..cells..have..been..developed..to..convert..even..greater..amounts..of..sunlight..directly..int
o..electricity...Tod..ay..the..costs..of..wind..and..solar..power..are..becoming..competitive..withTdirty..coal
-fired..plants.
Sierra..Club,.."Global..Warming..Solutions"
a. Argument;..conclusion:..Today..the..costs..of..wind.......dirty..coal-fired..plants.
b. Argument;..conclusion:..Technological..advances.......by..82..percent..since..1981.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..Harnessing..the..clean.......the..global..warming..problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument;..conclusion:..Solar..energy..technology.......directly..into..electricit
y...ANS:. . D PTS: 2
12. It..is..likely..that..innocent..prisoners..inTthis..country..have..been..executed..for..crimes..they..did..not..com
mit...From..1973..until..2007,..124..death..row..inmates..have..been..exonerated...In..many..of..these..cases..
DNA..evi..dence..played..a..crucial..role...Yet,..in..that..same..time..frame,..more..than..1000..prisoners..wer
e..executed...F..or..many..of..these..prisoners..no..DNA..evidence..was..available...If..such..evidence..had..be
en..available,..how..may..more..would..have..been..exonerated?
a. Argument;..conclusion:..In..many..of..these..cases.......played..a..crucial..role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;..conclusion:..From..1973.......have..been..exonerated.
d. Argument;..conclusion:..For..many..of..these..prisoners.......was..available.
3
