Jersey College A&P The Nervous System
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
what |are |4 |roles |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-coordinates |all |body |
systems, |detects |and |responds |to |stimuli |(changes), |brain |and |spinal |cord |act |as |switching |
centers, |nerves |carry |messages |to |and |from |centers
what |are |the |2 |structural |divisions |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |central
|nervous |system |(CNS) |and |the |peripheral |nervous |system |(PNS)
what |does |the |CNS |contain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |brain |and |spinal |cord
what |does |the |PNS |contain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |the |nerves |outside |of |the |CNS: |the |
cranial |and |spinal |nerves
what |is |the |difference |between |the |cranial |and |spinal |nerves? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cranial |
nerves |carry |impulses |to |and |from |the |brain; |spinal |nerves |carry |impulses |to |and |from |the |
spinal |cord
what |are |the |two |functional |subdivisions |of |the |peripheral |nervous |system |(PNS)? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-somatic |nervous |system |(SNS) |and |autonomic/visceral |nervous |system |(ANS)
effector |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |tissue |or |organ |that |carries |out |a |nervous |system |
command, |all |of |which |are |muscles |or |glands
somatic |nervous |system |(SNS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*control*: |voluntary
*effectors*: |skeletal |muscle
,autonomic |nervous |system |(ANS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*control*: |involuntary
*effectors*: |smooth |muscle, |cardiac |muscle, |and |glands
what |other |name |is |the |autonomic |nervous |system |referred |to |as |and |why? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |visceral |nervous |system |because |its |effectors |are |smooth |muscle, |cardiac |
muscle, |and |glands, |which |are |found |in |the |soft |body |organs, |the |viscera
could |dividing |the |PNS |and |its |effectors |by |function |be |misleading? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
yes, |because |the |diaphragm, |a |skeletal |muscle, |typically |functions |in |breathing |without |
conscious |thought; |also, |we |have |certain |rapid |reflex |responses |involving |skeletal |muscles |that
|do |not |involve |the |brain
can |people |be |trained |to |consciously |control |involuntary |functions? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
yes, |people |can |learn |to |control |blood |pressure |and |heart |rate |by |training |techniques |known |
as |biofeedback
what |is |the |difference |between |neurons |and |nerves? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-neurons |are |the
|conducting |cell |of |the |nervous |system; |nerves |are |bundles |of |neuron |fibers |outside |of |the |
central |nervous |system |(CNS)
what |is |a |distinguishing |feature |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dendrites |and |axons: |the
|long, |threadlike |fibers |that |extend |out |from |the |cell |body |and |carry |impulses |across |the |cell
what |are |the |3 |structures |of |a |neuron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dendrites, |axons, |myelin |
sheath
what |are |the |similarities |and |differences |between |dendrites |and |axons? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-both |are |neuron |fibers |the |carry |impulses |across |the |cell; |dendrites |conduct |
impulses |*to* |the |cell |body; |axons |conduct |impulses |*away |from* |the |cell |body
,dendrites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |highly |branched, |tree-like |appearance
*function*: |receptors |in |the |nervous |system, |that |is, |they |receive |a |stimulus |that |begins |a |
neural |pathway; |carry |impulses |to |the |cell |body
axons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |a |neuron |has |only |1 |axon, |which |can |extend |up |
to |1 |m |and |give |off |many |branches
*function*: |carry |impulses |away |from |the |cell |body; |these |impulses |may |be |delivered |to |
another |neuron, |to |a |muscle, |or |to |a |gland
the |myelin |sheath |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |some |axons |are |covered |with |this |
whitish, |fatty |substance |called |myelin
*function*: |myelin |insulates |and |protects |the |fiber
myelinated |vs. |nonmyelinated |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelinated |axons |are |called |white |
fibers |and |are |found |in |*white |matter* |of |the |brain |and |spinal |cord |as |well |as |most |nerves |
throughout |the |body; |the |fibers |and |cell |bodies |of |the |*gray |matter* |are |not |covered |with |
myelin
PNS |myelin |sheath |vs. |CNS |myelin |sheath |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-in |the |*PNS*, |myelin |is |
actually |entire |cells, |known |as |schwann |cells, |that |are |wrapped |around |the |axon |like |a |jelly |
role; |in |the |*CNS* |the |myelin |sheath |is |formed |by |another |type |of |cell, |the |oligodendrocytes |
(literally |meaning |"cell |with |few |dendrites")
schwann |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelin |sheath |of |the |PNS; |a |type |of |neuroglia; |cell |
bodies |and |most |of |the |cytoplasm |get |squeezed |into |the |outermost |layer |of |the |cell |wrapping,
|known |as |the |neurilemma; |when |the |sheath |is |complete, |small |spaces, |called |nodes, |remain |
between |the |individual |cells |and |are |important |in |speeding |nerve |impulse |conduction; |these |
cells |help |injured |neurons |regenerate |and |undamaged |cells |near |the |injury |divide |to |produce |
replacement |cells |that |remove |the |damaged |tissue |and |provide |a |mold |(tube) |to |guide |the |
extension |of |the |new |axon; |repair |is |a |slow |and |uncertain |process
, obligodendrocytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelin |sheath |of |the |CNS; |a |type |of |neuroglia; |one
|cell |sends |cellular |extensions |to |myelinate |several |neighboring |axons; |the |cytoplasm |and |
nucleus |remain |with |the |cell |so |the |CNS |neurons |do |not |have |a |neurilemma; |these |cells |can |
only |partially |restore |the |myelin |coating |if |it |gets |damaged, |and |they |can |not |guide |axon |
regeneration |to |the |same |extent |as |schwann |cells; |if |CNS |neurons |are |injured, |the |damage |is |
almost |always |permanent
what |is |the |job |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |relay |information |to |or |from |the |CNS |
or |to |different |places |within |the |CNS |itself
what |are |the |3 |functional |categories |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sensory |(afferent) |
neurons; |motor |(efferent) |neurons; |interneurons |(central/association |neurons)
sensory |(afferent) |neurons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |conduct |impulses |TO |the |
spinal |cord |and |brain
*example*: |if |you |touch |a |sharp |object |with |your |finger |sensory |neurons |will |carry |impulses |
generated |by |the |stimulus |to |the |CNS |for |interpretation
motor |(efferent) |neurons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |carry |impulses |FROM |the |
central |nervous |system |TO |muscles |and |glands |(effectors)
*example*: |the |CNS |responds |to |the |pain |of |touching |a |sharp |object |by |directing |skeletal |
muscle |in |your |arm |to |flex |and |withdraw |your |hand
interneurons |(central/association |neurons) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |relay |
information |FROM |place |to |place |WITHIN |the |central |nervous |system
*example*: |in |addition |to |immediate |withdrawal |from |pain, |impulses |may |travel |to |other |
parts |of |the |CNS |to |help |retain |balance |as |you |withdraw |your |hand |or |to |help |you |learn |how |
to |avoid |sharp |objects
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
what |are |4 |roles |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-coordinates |all |body |
systems, |detects |and |responds |to |stimuli |(changes), |brain |and |spinal |cord |act |as |switching |
centers, |nerves |carry |messages |to |and |from |centers
what |are |the |2 |structural |divisions |of |the |nervous |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |central
|nervous |system |(CNS) |and |the |peripheral |nervous |system |(PNS)
what |does |the |CNS |contain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |brain |and |spinal |cord
what |does |the |PNS |contain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |the |nerves |outside |of |the |CNS: |the |
cranial |and |spinal |nerves
what |is |the |difference |between |the |cranial |and |spinal |nerves? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cranial |
nerves |carry |impulses |to |and |from |the |brain; |spinal |nerves |carry |impulses |to |and |from |the |
spinal |cord
what |are |the |two |functional |subdivisions |of |the |peripheral |nervous |system |(PNS)? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-somatic |nervous |system |(SNS) |and |autonomic/visceral |nervous |system |(ANS)
effector |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |tissue |or |organ |that |carries |out |a |nervous |system |
command, |all |of |which |are |muscles |or |glands
somatic |nervous |system |(SNS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*control*: |voluntary
*effectors*: |skeletal |muscle
,autonomic |nervous |system |(ANS) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*control*: |involuntary
*effectors*: |smooth |muscle, |cardiac |muscle, |and |glands
what |other |name |is |the |autonomic |nervous |system |referred |to |as |and |why? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |visceral |nervous |system |because |its |effectors |are |smooth |muscle, |cardiac |
muscle, |and |glands, |which |are |found |in |the |soft |body |organs, |the |viscera
could |dividing |the |PNS |and |its |effectors |by |function |be |misleading? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
yes, |because |the |diaphragm, |a |skeletal |muscle, |typically |functions |in |breathing |without |
conscious |thought; |also, |we |have |certain |rapid |reflex |responses |involving |skeletal |muscles |that
|do |not |involve |the |brain
can |people |be |trained |to |consciously |control |involuntary |functions? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
yes, |people |can |learn |to |control |blood |pressure |and |heart |rate |by |training |techniques |known |
as |biofeedback
what |is |the |difference |between |neurons |and |nerves? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-neurons |are |the
|conducting |cell |of |the |nervous |system; |nerves |are |bundles |of |neuron |fibers |outside |of |the |
central |nervous |system |(CNS)
what |is |a |distinguishing |feature |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dendrites |and |axons: |the
|long, |threadlike |fibers |that |extend |out |from |the |cell |body |and |carry |impulses |across |the |cell
what |are |the |3 |structures |of |a |neuron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dendrites, |axons, |myelin |
sheath
what |are |the |similarities |and |differences |between |dendrites |and |axons? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-both |are |neuron |fibers |the |carry |impulses |across |the |cell; |dendrites |conduct |
impulses |*to* |the |cell |body; |axons |conduct |impulses |*away |from* |the |cell |body
,dendrites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |highly |branched, |tree-like |appearance
*function*: |receptors |in |the |nervous |system, |that |is, |they |receive |a |stimulus |that |begins |a |
neural |pathway; |carry |impulses |to |the |cell |body
axons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |a |neuron |has |only |1 |axon, |which |can |extend |up |
to |1 |m |and |give |off |many |branches
*function*: |carry |impulses |away |from |the |cell |body; |these |impulses |may |be |delivered |to |
another |neuron, |to |a |muscle, |or |to |a |gland
the |myelin |sheath |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*description*: |some |axons |are |covered |with |this |
whitish, |fatty |substance |called |myelin
*function*: |myelin |insulates |and |protects |the |fiber
myelinated |vs. |nonmyelinated |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelinated |axons |are |called |white |
fibers |and |are |found |in |*white |matter* |of |the |brain |and |spinal |cord |as |well |as |most |nerves |
throughout |the |body; |the |fibers |and |cell |bodies |of |the |*gray |matter* |are |not |covered |with |
myelin
PNS |myelin |sheath |vs. |CNS |myelin |sheath |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-in |the |*PNS*, |myelin |is |
actually |entire |cells, |known |as |schwann |cells, |that |are |wrapped |around |the |axon |like |a |jelly |
role; |in |the |*CNS* |the |myelin |sheath |is |formed |by |another |type |of |cell, |the |oligodendrocytes |
(literally |meaning |"cell |with |few |dendrites")
schwann |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelin |sheath |of |the |PNS; |a |type |of |neuroglia; |cell |
bodies |and |most |of |the |cytoplasm |get |squeezed |into |the |outermost |layer |of |the |cell |wrapping,
|known |as |the |neurilemma; |when |the |sheath |is |complete, |small |spaces, |called |nodes, |remain |
between |the |individual |cells |and |are |important |in |speeding |nerve |impulse |conduction; |these |
cells |help |injured |neurons |regenerate |and |undamaged |cells |near |the |injury |divide |to |produce |
replacement |cells |that |remove |the |damaged |tissue |and |provide |a |mold |(tube) |to |guide |the |
extension |of |the |new |axon; |repair |is |a |slow |and |uncertain |process
, obligodendrocytes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-myelin |sheath |of |the |CNS; |a |type |of |neuroglia; |one
|cell |sends |cellular |extensions |to |myelinate |several |neighboring |axons; |the |cytoplasm |and |
nucleus |remain |with |the |cell |so |the |CNS |neurons |do |not |have |a |neurilemma; |these |cells |can |
only |partially |restore |the |myelin |coating |if |it |gets |damaged, |and |they |can |not |guide |axon |
regeneration |to |the |same |extent |as |schwann |cells; |if |CNS |neurons |are |injured, |the |damage |is |
almost |always |permanent
what |is |the |job |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |relay |information |to |or |from |the |CNS |
or |to |different |places |within |the |CNS |itself
what |are |the |3 |functional |categories |of |neurons? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sensory |(afferent) |
neurons; |motor |(efferent) |neurons; |interneurons |(central/association |neurons)
sensory |(afferent) |neurons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |conduct |impulses |TO |the |
spinal |cord |and |brain
*example*: |if |you |touch |a |sharp |object |with |your |finger |sensory |neurons |will |carry |impulses |
generated |by |the |stimulus |to |the |CNS |for |interpretation
motor |(efferent) |neurons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |carry |impulses |FROM |the |
central |nervous |system |TO |muscles |and |glands |(effectors)
*example*: |the |CNS |responds |to |the |pain |of |touching |a |sharp |object |by |directing |skeletal |
muscle |in |your |arm |to |flex |and |withdraw |your |hand
interneurons |(central/association |neurons) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-*function*: |relay |
information |FROM |place |to |place |WITHIN |the |central |nervous |system
*example*: |in |addition |to |immediate |withdrawal |from |pain, |impulses |may |travel |to |other |
parts |of |the |CNS |to |help |retain |balance |as |you |withdraw |your |hand |or |to |help |you |learn |how |
to |avoid |sharp |objects
