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Ecol111 Final Exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Ecology Ans: the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of
organisms and of the interactions that determine distribution and
abundance
Intertidal Ans: occasionally under water
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subtidal Ans: always under water
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supratidal Ans: only under water during ectreme flood or spring tide
fitness Ans: a quantitative representation of individual reproductive
success -- how good a particular geno/phenotype is at leaving offspring
allee effect Ans: a correlation between population size or denstiy and
the mean individual fitness -- so all organisms have a minimum
population density required to breed
fecundity Ans: an individual's reproductive capacity
gradient Ans: a change in a parameter or a suite of parameters through
space or time (temp, irradiance, water depth)
torpor vs hibernation Ans: reduced metabolic activities daily or for long
periods
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niche Ans: all parts of a variable's range where the organism's
performance is good enough that it survives
estuary Ans: junction of a river with the ocean
hydroperiod Ans: number of days per year that an area of land is wet or
the length of time that there is standing water at a location
MAP Ans: Mean Annual Precipitation
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biomes Ans: structurally and functionally similar vegetation formations
that are defined without reference to plant species
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convergent evolution Ans: the process whereby organisms that are not
closely related evolve similar triats as a result of habing to adapt to
similar environments or ecological niches
apline zone Ans: the zone between the treeline and the permanent
snowline (0km at poles, 4km at equator)
endemic Ans: native and restricted to a certain place
open population Ans: immigration from unknown source, population
that is able to gain and lose outside members differentiate populations
over time, not geographically isolated
closed population Ans: no migratory flow in or out, so that changes in
the population occur through births and deaths only
migration movement (sources, sinks) Ans: source -- lots of movement out
of area
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sink -- lots of movement to an area
dispersal among patches assures long term viability
interspecific competition Ans: process by which individuals of one
species suffer reduction in fecundity, suvivorship, or growth as a result of
the presence or activities of a second species (due to resources being
finite)
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2 types -- exploitation, interference
exploitation competition Ans: indirect competition through shared
resources
Guru01 - Stuvia
interference competition Ans: direct competition involving one species
actively preventing access to resources or inhibiting growth or survival of
another species
meta-population Ans: the overall popualtion divided into
subpopulations by the patchiness of the environment
ecolgical communities Ans: set of two or more populations of different
species occupying the same area (distribution, patchiness, dispersal,
and interactions affects the make-up of communities comapred to other
communities)
food web Ans: consists of all organisms within a community and the
feeding connections among them
keystone species Ans: highly connected species with effects on the
community that are disproportionately large relative to their abundance
1
Ecol111 Final Exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
Ecology Ans: the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of
organisms and of the interactions that determine distribution and
abundance
Intertidal Ans: occasionally under water
© 2026 Assignment Expert
subtidal Ans: always under water
Guru01 - Stuvia
supratidal Ans: only under water during ectreme flood or spring tide
fitness Ans: a quantitative representation of individual reproductive
success -- how good a particular geno/phenotype is at leaving offspring
allee effect Ans: a correlation between population size or denstiy and
the mean individual fitness -- so all organisms have a minimum
population density required to breed
fecundity Ans: an individual's reproductive capacity
gradient Ans: a change in a parameter or a suite of parameters through
space or time (temp, irradiance, water depth)
torpor vs hibernation Ans: reduced metabolic activities daily or for long
periods
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
2
niche Ans: all parts of a variable's range where the organism's
performance is good enough that it survives
estuary Ans: junction of a river with the ocean
hydroperiod Ans: number of days per year that an area of land is wet or
the length of time that there is standing water at a location
MAP Ans: Mean Annual Precipitation
© 2026 Assignment Expert
biomes Ans: structurally and functionally similar vegetation formations
that are defined without reference to plant species
Guru01 - Stuvia
convergent evolution Ans: the process whereby organisms that are not
closely related evolve similar triats as a result of habing to adapt to
similar environments or ecological niches
apline zone Ans: the zone between the treeline and the permanent
snowline (0km at poles, 4km at equator)
endemic Ans: native and restricted to a certain place
open population Ans: immigration from unknown source, population
that is able to gain and lose outside members differentiate populations
over time, not geographically isolated
closed population Ans: no migratory flow in or out, so that changes in
the population occur through births and deaths only
migration movement (sources, sinks) Ans: source -- lots of movement out
of area
, For Expert help and assignment handling,
3
sink -- lots of movement to an area
dispersal among patches assures long term viability
interspecific competition Ans: process by which individuals of one
species suffer reduction in fecundity, suvivorship, or growth as a result of
the presence or activities of a second species (due to resources being
finite)
© 2026 Assignment Expert
2 types -- exploitation, interference
exploitation competition Ans: indirect competition through shared
resources
Guru01 - Stuvia
interference competition Ans: direct competition involving one species
actively preventing access to resources or inhibiting growth or survival of
another species
meta-population Ans: the overall popualtion divided into
subpopulations by the patchiness of the environment
ecolgical communities Ans: set of two or more populations of different
species occupying the same area (distribution, patchiness, dispersal,
and interactions affects the make-up of communities comapred to other
communities)
food web Ans: consists of all organisms within a community and the
feeding connections among them
keystone species Ans: highly connected species with effects on the
community that are disproportionately large relative to their abundance
