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ecol 111 final exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
what are gradients other than temp that might be important in
influencing the response functions and distribution of organisms Ans:
moisture, light, nutrient, pH
fundamental niche Ans: a larger area or range indicating the potential
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conditions and resources a species can use if there are no limiting biotic
factors
realized niche Ans: smaller subset within the fundamental niche,
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indicating the real world conditions and resources the species uses in the
presence of biotic constraints
how can species coexist in multiple niche dimensions Ans: by occupying
different parts of niche dimensions, thus reducing direct competition. ex
resource partitioning: different species might utilize different food sources
or forage at different heights in a forest
what is traditional ecological knowledge Ans: knowledge of the natural
environment that has developed in the course of a community's long
term residence in a specific ecosystem
how can plant species coexist through facilitation Ans: this interaction
can help plants coexist by mitigating harsh environmental conditions,
improving resource availability, or providing protection from herbivores
or pathogens. ex nurse plants that offer shade for other plants or
mycorrhizal fungi which extends the root system of other plants
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2
3 key drivers of biodiversity loss in grasslands Ans: agricultural expansion
(crop production/grazing), urbanization and infrastructure development,
invasive species, climate change
3 biotic edge-effect phenomena associate with fragmentation in
tropical rainforests Ans: altered species composition (invasive species,
floral changes), increased predation and herbivory (easier access to
prey, more light), changes in pollination and seed dispersal
3 abiotic edge-effect phenomena associate with fragmentation in
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tropical rainforests Ans: microclimatic changes (higher temp and lower
humidity), wind exposure (increased, less moisture), light penetration
(more light, higher uv)
Guru01 - Stuvia
describe 3 main selection pressures that occur in alpine environments
Ans: low temp, low oxygen, intense uv (can damage dna & others)
identify 5 basic uses of abundance and distribution data for addressing
applied problems in management and conservation of diversity Ans:
species conservation status assessment, habitat management and
restoration, invasive species control, monitoring and evaluating
conservation programs, climate change impact assessment
why is it difficult to forecast population growth rates of open populations
Ans: migration and environmental variability
what formula determines current population Ans: N=(MxC)/R where M is
initial, C is second, and R is marked animals
identify an example of an open population with "source-sink" structure
Ans: arctic tern. breed in arctic (source), but migrate down where they
find "sinks" to forage
1
ecol 111 final exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
what are gradients other than temp that might be important in
influencing the response functions and distribution of organisms Ans:
moisture, light, nutrient, pH
fundamental niche Ans: a larger area or range indicating the potential
© 2026 Assignment Expert
conditions and resources a species can use if there are no limiting biotic
factors
realized niche Ans: smaller subset within the fundamental niche,
Guru01 - Stuvia
indicating the real world conditions and resources the species uses in the
presence of biotic constraints
how can species coexist in multiple niche dimensions Ans: by occupying
different parts of niche dimensions, thus reducing direct competition. ex
resource partitioning: different species might utilize different food sources
or forage at different heights in a forest
what is traditional ecological knowledge Ans: knowledge of the natural
environment that has developed in the course of a community's long
term residence in a specific ecosystem
how can plant species coexist through facilitation Ans: this interaction
can help plants coexist by mitigating harsh environmental conditions,
improving resource availability, or providing protection from herbivores
or pathogens. ex nurse plants that offer shade for other plants or
mycorrhizal fungi which extends the root system of other plants
, For Expert help and assignment handling,
2
3 key drivers of biodiversity loss in grasslands Ans: agricultural expansion
(crop production/grazing), urbanization and infrastructure development,
invasive species, climate change
3 biotic edge-effect phenomena associate with fragmentation in
tropical rainforests Ans: altered species composition (invasive species,
floral changes), increased predation and herbivory (easier access to
prey, more light), changes in pollination and seed dispersal
3 abiotic edge-effect phenomena associate with fragmentation in
© 2026 Assignment Expert
tropical rainforests Ans: microclimatic changes (higher temp and lower
humidity), wind exposure (increased, less moisture), light penetration
(more light, higher uv)
Guru01 - Stuvia
describe 3 main selection pressures that occur in alpine environments
Ans: low temp, low oxygen, intense uv (can damage dna & others)
identify 5 basic uses of abundance and distribution data for addressing
applied problems in management and conservation of diversity Ans:
species conservation status assessment, habitat management and
restoration, invasive species control, monitoring and evaluating
conservation programs, climate change impact assessment
why is it difficult to forecast population growth rates of open populations
Ans: migration and environmental variability
what formula determines current population Ans: N=(MxC)/R where M is
initial, C is second, and R is marked animals
identify an example of an open population with "source-sink" structure
Ans: arctic tern. breed in arctic (source), but migrate down where they
find "sinks" to forage
