BIO 411 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2026-2027 | VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?
A. DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis
B. DNA replication, transcription, translation
C. Transcription, DNA replication, translation
D. DNA replication, translation, transcription - ANSWER B
Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?
A. The bases are not fully assembled.
B. The sugar is not in the right form.
C. There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds.
D. The peptide bonds don't form. - ANSWER c
Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a
cytosine. Why is this interaction unstable?
A. Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other.
B. Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two.
C. Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong
positions.
D. Because the charges on the bases repel one another. - ANSWER c
In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What
are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
A. 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
B. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
C. 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
D. 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine - ANSWER a
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (choose all that apply)
, A. antiparallel.
B. complementary.
C. identical.
D. perpendicular.
E. covalently bonded to each other. - ANSWER A and B
A template strand of DNA is read in the direction in order to direct synthesis of
RNA in the direction.
A. 3'-5'; 3'-5'
B. 5'-3'; 3'-5'
C. 3'-5'; 5'-3'
D. 5'-3'; 5'-3' - ANSWER c
Transcription continues until:
A. all bases in the DNA are copied. A. Because
B. a stop codon is encountered. RNA uses
C. a terminator sequence is encountered. uracil instead
D. a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA. of thymine, it
E. a transcription factor signals the end of the gene. - ANSWER c cannot hold
genetic
Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments
against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?
information.
B. RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone.
C. The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing.
D. There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the
information needed by the cell.
E. The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division.
- ANSWER D
Among the possible errors listed below, which would prevent an mRNA with
the correct sequence from being translated appropriately?
A. The 5 cap was not added.
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2026-2027 | VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?
A. DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis
B. DNA replication, transcription, translation
C. Transcription, DNA replication, translation
D. DNA replication, translation, transcription - ANSWER B
Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?
A. The bases are not fully assembled.
B. The sugar is not in the right form.
C. There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds.
D. The peptide bonds don't form. - ANSWER c
Sometimes the sequence of DNA gets mutated and an adenine is paired to a
cytosine. Why is this interaction unstable?
A. Because the phosphate groups of the two bases repel each other.
B. Because an ionic bond cannot be formed between the two.
C. Because the chemical groups that form hydrogen bonds are in the wrong
positions.
D. Because the charges on the bases repel one another. - ANSWER c
In the DNA of certain bacterial cells, 16% of the nucleotides are adenine. What
are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
A. 16% thymidine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
B. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
C. 34% thymidine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
D. 34% thymidine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine - ANSWER a
The strands in a DNA molecule are: (choose all that apply)
, A. antiparallel.
B. complementary.
C. identical.
D. perpendicular.
E. covalently bonded to each other. - ANSWER A and B
A template strand of DNA is read in the direction in order to direct synthesis of
RNA in the direction.
A. 3'-5'; 3'-5'
B. 5'-3'; 3'-5'
C. 3'-5'; 5'-3'
D. 5'-3'; 5'-3' - ANSWER c
Transcription continues until:
A. all bases in the DNA are copied. A. Because
B. a stop codon is encountered. RNA uses
C. a terminator sequence is encountered. uracil instead
D. a ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA. of thymine, it
E. a transcription factor signals the end of the gene. - ANSWER c cannot hold
genetic
Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments
against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?
information.
B. RNA has a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone.
C. The structure of RNA does not allow for double-stranded base pairing.
D. There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the
information needed by the cell.
E. The secondary structure of RNA prevents its replication before cell division.
- ANSWER D
Among the possible errors listed below, which would prevent an mRNA with
the correct sequence from being translated appropriately?
A. The 5 cap was not added.
