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Biology 1108 Final Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
The term "n" refers to the size of a population, that is, the number of
individuals in that population. In general, in a sample of n individuals, the
frequency of an allele is... Ans: The number of occurrences of the allele
divided by twice the number of individuals in the sample (2n).
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If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can conclude
that: Ans: Evolution has occurred because one of the assumptions of
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has been violated.
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The goldenrod gall fly lays its eggs on the buds of goldenrod plants.
Larvae hatch from the eggs and then chew through the goldenrod buds
and into the stems. The gall fly larvae saliva induces the goldenrod to
generate a gall (an outgrowth of tissue, a ball-shaped swelling on the
stem). The larva will live inside the gall which provides food and shelter
for the developing larva.
The larvae are prey of both parasitoid wasps and birds. Wasps selectively
prey on larvae inside the smallest galls while birds selectively prey on
larvae inside the largest galls. The size of the gall made by the larvae is a
heritable trait. Given this information, we can conclude that the trait
'larval gall size' is subject to: Ans: stabilizing selection
You find that a wild population of antelope is not in Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium. From this information alone, can you determine the
mechanism of evolution operating on the population? Ans: No
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A population with a novel adaptation has evolved that adaptation. Ans:
True
The peppered moth provides a well-known example of natural selection.
The light-colored form of the moth was predominant in England before
the industrial revolution. In the mid-nineteenth century, a dark-colored
form appeared. The difference is produced by a dominant allele of one
gene. By about 1900, approximately 90% of the moths around industrial
areas were dark colored, whereas light-colored moths were still
abundant elsewhere. Apparently, birds could readily find the light moths
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against the soot-darkened background in industrial areas and therefore
were eating more light moths. Recently, use of cleaner fuels has greatly
reduced soot in the landscape, and the dark-colored moths have been
disappearing. Should the two forms of moths be considered separate
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species Ans: No.
Three populations of crickets look very similar, but the males have
courtship songs that sound different. What function would this difference
in song likely serve if the populations came in contact? Ans: A
prezygotic isolating mechanism
How are two different species most likely to evolve from one ancestral
species? Ans: Allopatrically, after the ancestral species has split into two
populations.
Which of the following statements is true regarding hybridization? Ans: -
Hybridization occurs in plants more often than in animals
- Natural selection sometimes acts against progeny that result from
hybridization.
- Hybridization can result in fertile offspring.
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- Hybridization involves the transfer of genetic material between
members of similar species.
It is thought that polar bears originated from a population of brown
bears (Ursus arctos) that became geographically isolated during a
glaciation event that occurred about 150,000 years ago (Lindqvist et al.,
2010).
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The origin of polar bears was the result of Ans: Allopatric speciation
The Sunshine periwinkle plant blooms in June while Summer periwinkle, a
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close relative of Sunshine periwinkle , blooms in August. A researcher is
raising a population of Summer periwinkle in a controlled growth
chamber. Over time the researcher manipulated the day length in the
growth chamber and eventually manages to induce some individuals of
Summer periwinkle to bloom in June. The researcher finds that she can
cross these individuals with Sunshine periwinkle individuals and they
produce viable, fertile offspring. What can she conclude about Sunshine
periwinkle and Summer periwinkle? Ans: These plants are temporally
reproductively isolated from each other.
A polytomy is a graphical depiction of what type of relationship
between groups? Ans: The common ancestor node with no resolution
among descendant groups.
Phylogenetic trees are: Ans: Hypotheses and built using observed data
When comparing trees with various hypotheses of evolutionary
relationships between a group of animals, the tree with _____ would be
the strongest candidate. Ans: The fewest changes.
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A fossil's contribution to phylogenetic trees include: Ans: - Time
calibration
- Records of extinct species
- Correlation between evolution and Earth history
How does the level of genetic variation in humans typically compare to
other species? Ans: Lower than other species.
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Where did Homo sapiens evolve? Ans: Africa
Cultural traits are transmitted horizontally and vertically through learning.
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Which of the examples shows the horizontal transmission of culture? Ans:
A teenager teaches her brother how to text.
Why do we think that male Neanderthals mated with non- African
ancestral Homo sapiens? Ans: Because Neanderthal nuclear DNA
sequences are present in the gene pools, and Neanderthal mtDNA
sequences are not.
What is the definition of neoteny? Ans: Retention of juvenile
characteristics in an adult.
How does Homo Nadeli show that he is potentially an intermediate
between modern humans and our more primitive ancestors? Ans:
Nadeli has hands and feet that are human like even though his pelvis
and shoulders are much more primitive than modern humans.
1
Biology 1108 Final Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
The term "n" refers to the size of a population, that is, the number of
individuals in that population. In general, in a sample of n individuals, the
frequency of an allele is... Ans: The number of occurrences of the allele
divided by twice the number of individuals in the sample (2n).
© 2026 Assignment Expert
If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can conclude
that: Ans: Evolution has occurred because one of the assumptions of
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has been violated.
Guru01 - Stuvia
The goldenrod gall fly lays its eggs on the buds of goldenrod plants.
Larvae hatch from the eggs and then chew through the goldenrod buds
and into the stems. The gall fly larvae saliva induces the goldenrod to
generate a gall (an outgrowth of tissue, a ball-shaped swelling on the
stem). The larva will live inside the gall which provides food and shelter
for the developing larva.
The larvae are prey of both parasitoid wasps and birds. Wasps selectively
prey on larvae inside the smallest galls while birds selectively prey on
larvae inside the largest galls. The size of the gall made by the larvae is a
heritable trait. Given this information, we can conclude that the trait
'larval gall size' is subject to: Ans: stabilizing selection
You find that a wild population of antelope is not in Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium. From this information alone, can you determine the
mechanism of evolution operating on the population? Ans: No
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
2
A population with a novel adaptation has evolved that adaptation. Ans:
True
The peppered moth provides a well-known example of natural selection.
The light-colored form of the moth was predominant in England before
the industrial revolution. In the mid-nineteenth century, a dark-colored
form appeared. The difference is produced by a dominant allele of one
gene. By about 1900, approximately 90% of the moths around industrial
areas were dark colored, whereas light-colored moths were still
abundant elsewhere. Apparently, birds could readily find the light moths
© 2026 Assignment Expert
against the soot-darkened background in industrial areas and therefore
were eating more light moths. Recently, use of cleaner fuels has greatly
reduced soot in the landscape, and the dark-colored moths have been
disappearing. Should the two forms of moths be considered separate
Guru01 - Stuvia
species Ans: No.
Three populations of crickets look very similar, but the males have
courtship songs that sound different. What function would this difference
in song likely serve if the populations came in contact? Ans: A
prezygotic isolating mechanism
How are two different species most likely to evolve from one ancestral
species? Ans: Allopatrically, after the ancestral species has split into two
populations.
Which of the following statements is true regarding hybridization? Ans: -
Hybridization occurs in plants more often than in animals
- Natural selection sometimes acts against progeny that result from
hybridization.
- Hybridization can result in fertile offspring.
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
3
- Hybridization involves the transfer of genetic material between
members of similar species.
It is thought that polar bears originated from a population of brown
bears (Ursus arctos) that became geographically isolated during a
glaciation event that occurred about 150,000 years ago (Lindqvist et al.,
2010).
© 2026 Assignment Expert
The origin of polar bears was the result of Ans: Allopatric speciation
The Sunshine periwinkle plant blooms in June while Summer periwinkle, a
Guru01 - Stuvia
close relative of Sunshine periwinkle , blooms in August. A researcher is
raising a population of Summer periwinkle in a controlled growth
chamber. Over time the researcher manipulated the day length in the
growth chamber and eventually manages to induce some individuals of
Summer periwinkle to bloom in June. The researcher finds that she can
cross these individuals with Sunshine periwinkle individuals and they
produce viable, fertile offspring. What can she conclude about Sunshine
periwinkle and Summer periwinkle? Ans: These plants are temporally
reproductively isolated from each other.
A polytomy is a graphical depiction of what type of relationship
between groups? Ans: The common ancestor node with no resolution
among descendant groups.
Phylogenetic trees are: Ans: Hypotheses and built using observed data
When comparing trees with various hypotheses of evolutionary
relationships between a group of animals, the tree with _____ would be
the strongest candidate. Ans: The fewest changes.
, For Expert help and assignment handling,
4
A fossil's contribution to phylogenetic trees include: Ans: - Time
calibration
- Records of extinct species
- Correlation between evolution and Earth history
How does the level of genetic variation in humans typically compare to
other species? Ans: Lower than other species.
© 2026 Assignment Expert
Where did Homo sapiens evolve? Ans: Africa
Cultural traits are transmitted horizontally and vertically through learning.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Which of the examples shows the horizontal transmission of culture? Ans:
A teenager teaches her brother how to text.
Why do we think that male Neanderthals mated with non- African
ancestral Homo sapiens? Ans: Because Neanderthal nuclear DNA
sequences are present in the gene pools, and Neanderthal mtDNA
sequences are not.
What is the definition of neoteny? Ans: Retention of juvenile
characteristics in an adult.
How does Homo Nadeli show that he is potentially an intermediate
between modern humans and our more primitive ancestors? Ans:
Nadeli has hands and feet that are human like even though his pelvis
and shoulders are much more primitive than modern humans.
