Nuclear Medicine Tech Exam 1 with
Accurate Solutions
Atom - ANS-all matter is composed of atoms; the smallest unit into which a chemical
element can be broken down without losing its chemical identity
Molecules - ANS-all matter is composed of atoms. Atoms combine to form molecules &
chemical compounds.
Compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements
Mixtures - ANS-Combination of two or more substances with or without chemical union
Mixture: Sand, Air, gin
Atomic Structure - ANS-Electron on outer shell, neutron and proton in center, nuclei.
Bohr model of the atom; dose patient gets is because of this model. Developed after the
work of rutherford
K shell - ANS-the name of the first level where electrons are located in an atom
2 (1)-1=1 substate (set of orbits); n=1 (quantum#); 2(1)^2=2
L shell - ANS-can hold up to 8 electrons; 2(2)-1= 3 substates (set of orbits); n=2
(quantum #); 2(2)^2=8
M shell - ANS-can hold up to 18 electrons; 2(3)-1= 5 substates (set of orbits); n=3
(quantum #); 2(3)^2=18
Nuclide - ANS-a general term referring to any nucleus ( stable or radioactive plus it's
orbital electrons).
A - ANS-mass number
Z - ANS-Atomic number (# of protons)
N - ANS-Neutrons, the # that changes everything (a-z=n)
Isotopes - ANS-Nuclides with the same number of protons (z)
Same atomic number and same chemical properties.
Isobars - ANS-Nuclides with the same mass number (A)
Same mass number and Different chemical properties.
, Isotones - ANS-Nuclides with the same number of neutrons (N)
Same number of Neutrons and different Chemical Properties
Isomers - ANS-Nuclides with the same mass and atomic number, but nucleus exists for
a measurable time in an excited state (m)
Same everything!
Iodine 127 - ANS-Stable; table salt
125 Iodine - ANS-Labeling insulin
meta-stable - ANS-has to stay long-enough to be considered its own nuclide; excess
energy (m).
Radionuclides - ANS-neutron to proton ration (n:p) is the key in determining whether a
nuclide is radioactive.
In most stable elements, more neutrons are needed to buffer the repulsive forces of the
protons, therefore the n:p ration gets larger.
Too few neutrons or too many; the nucleus is unstable & the atom is RADIOACTIVE!
Radioactive decay or disintegrasion - ANS-Unstable nuclei emit particles and/or
photons to transform themselves into a more stable state.
How to find n:p ratio? - ANS-Neutron/Proton
Stable Nucleus - ANS-more neutrons than protons are needed to achieve a stable
nucleus.
Lengths - ANS-MKS: Meter (m)
cgs: centimeter (cm)
Mass - ANS-MKS: Kilograms (kg)
cgs: grams (g)
Time - ANS-MKS: Second (sec)
cgs: Second (sec)
Volume - ANS-MKS: Liter (L)
cgs: milliliter (mL)
Velocity - ANS-MKS: m/sec
cgs: cm/sec
Accerleration - ANS-MKS: m/sec^2
cm/sec^2
Accurate Solutions
Atom - ANS-all matter is composed of atoms; the smallest unit into which a chemical
element can be broken down without losing its chemical identity
Molecules - ANS-all matter is composed of atoms. Atoms combine to form molecules &
chemical compounds.
Compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements
Mixtures - ANS-Combination of two or more substances with or without chemical union
Mixture: Sand, Air, gin
Atomic Structure - ANS-Electron on outer shell, neutron and proton in center, nuclei.
Bohr model of the atom; dose patient gets is because of this model. Developed after the
work of rutherford
K shell - ANS-the name of the first level where electrons are located in an atom
2 (1)-1=1 substate (set of orbits); n=1 (quantum#); 2(1)^2=2
L shell - ANS-can hold up to 8 electrons; 2(2)-1= 3 substates (set of orbits); n=2
(quantum #); 2(2)^2=8
M shell - ANS-can hold up to 18 electrons; 2(3)-1= 5 substates (set of orbits); n=3
(quantum #); 2(3)^2=18
Nuclide - ANS-a general term referring to any nucleus ( stable or radioactive plus it's
orbital electrons).
A - ANS-mass number
Z - ANS-Atomic number (# of protons)
N - ANS-Neutrons, the # that changes everything (a-z=n)
Isotopes - ANS-Nuclides with the same number of protons (z)
Same atomic number and same chemical properties.
Isobars - ANS-Nuclides with the same mass number (A)
Same mass number and Different chemical properties.
, Isotones - ANS-Nuclides with the same number of neutrons (N)
Same number of Neutrons and different Chemical Properties
Isomers - ANS-Nuclides with the same mass and atomic number, but nucleus exists for
a measurable time in an excited state (m)
Same everything!
Iodine 127 - ANS-Stable; table salt
125 Iodine - ANS-Labeling insulin
meta-stable - ANS-has to stay long-enough to be considered its own nuclide; excess
energy (m).
Radionuclides - ANS-neutron to proton ration (n:p) is the key in determining whether a
nuclide is radioactive.
In most stable elements, more neutrons are needed to buffer the repulsive forces of the
protons, therefore the n:p ration gets larger.
Too few neutrons or too many; the nucleus is unstable & the atom is RADIOACTIVE!
Radioactive decay or disintegrasion - ANS-Unstable nuclei emit particles and/or
photons to transform themselves into a more stable state.
How to find n:p ratio? - ANS-Neutron/Proton
Stable Nucleus - ANS-more neutrons than protons are needed to achieve a stable
nucleus.
Lengths - ANS-MKS: Meter (m)
cgs: centimeter (cm)
Mass - ANS-MKS: Kilograms (kg)
cgs: grams (g)
Time - ANS-MKS: Second (sec)
cgs: Second (sec)
Volume - ANS-MKS: Liter (L)
cgs: milliliter (mL)
Velocity - ANS-MKS: m/sec
cgs: cm/sec
Accerleration - ANS-MKS: m/sec^2
cm/sec^2
