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samenvatting parasitologie en mycologie

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uitgebreide samenvatting van het deel over parasitologie en mycologie met geïntegreerde lesnotities

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Parasitologie ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Amoebae ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Intestinale flagellaten: Giardia lamblia ................................................................................................................... 4
Hemoflagellaten ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Leishmania........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Afrikaanse Trypanosoma ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Amerikaanse Trypanosoma ................................................................................................................................. 8
Apicomplexa ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Malaria ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Toxoplasma gondii ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Mycologie .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
Gisten en filamenteuze fungi............................................................................................................................. 13
Reproductie ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
Asexuele reproductie......................................................................................................................................... 14
Sexuele reproductie........................................................................................................................................... 14
Fungusinfecties ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Oppervlakkige mycosen .................................................................................................................................... 15
Cutane mycosen ................................................................................................................................................ 15
Subcutane mycosen........................................................................................................................................... 16
Systeemmycosen ............................................................................................................................................... 16




1

,Parasitologie
Inleiding
Sommige parasieten zijn opportunisten: infecteren mensen met onderdrukte immuniteit

Parasitisme: vorm van symbiose waarbij één van de partners afh is van andere partner ivm nutriënten,
protectie etc.
→ Hierbij “geniet” de parasiet van deze samenleving, terwijl het schadelijk is voor de gastheer
- Ectoparasieten: vb. teken
- Endoparasieten:
o Helminthes: wormen
o Protozoa: eukaryote eencelligen zonder celwand

Protozoa:
Onderverdeling gedeeltelijk gebaseerd op voortbewegingswijze
- Amoebidae: amoeboide voortbeweging met pseudopodium
- Mastigophora: flagellaten
o Giardia
o Leishmania
o Trypanosoma (slaapziekte)
- Apicomplexa: aanwezigheid van apicaal complex voor cel-invasie
o Plasmodium (malaria)
o Toxoplasma (kattenziekte)
- Ciliophora: cilia = miniatuur flagellen of trilharen
o Balantidium coli: intestinale infectie → diarree (ernstig bij immunosuppresie)




2

, Amoebae
Voortbeweging: pseudopodium



Depolarisatie




Pseudopodium
Polymerisatie
Plasmagel Plasmasol cytoskelet + gel


 Entamoeba histolytica
- Pseudopodium
- Onderscheid tussen soorten: gebaseerd op morfologie kern en “chromatoidal bars”
- Cosmopoliet = over hele aarde (vooral dichtbevolkte gebieden)
- Transmissie via cysten in faeces → hygiëne!
o Cysten (chitinerijke celwand) overleven in darmkanaal van
vliegen en kakkerlakken

Levenscyclus:
1. Vormen cysten in darmen
2. Via feces naar buiten
3. Oraal opgenomen: cyste resistent tegen maagzuur
4. Actief door lage pH: uit cyst
5. Metacystische amoebae
6. Prolifereren metacystische trophozoïden
7. Eventueel invasie darmepitheel → abces

- Luminale amoebiasis
= asymptomatisch maar wel infectieus (productie cysten)
- Invasieve amoebiasis
o Pathologisch
o Weinig infectieus: meestal geen cysten geproduceerd
o Trophozoiet bindt op suikers op mucosa
en produceert proteasen
• Histolysine → invasie van submucosaal weefsel
→ ulceratie (zweren)
o Eventueel via portaal bloedvat naar lever
• Hepatische amoebiase en hepatitis
kan lethaal zijn, oa perforatie abdomen of diafragma
o Secundaire amoebiase: longen, hersenen, gonaden, hart, huid, ...
NB. infectie zeldzaam maar abrupt en meestal lethaal (door rechtstreekse infectie

3

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January 12, 2026
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