Diabetes Mellitus and Related Nursing
Interventions – Accurate Answers To All Questions
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Terms in this set (670)
Alpha Cells Cells in the pancreas that produce glucagon, which
increases glucose levels.
Glucagon A hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
Beta Cells Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, which
lowers glucose levels.
Insulin A hormone that decreases glucose levels by
facilitating transcellular membrane transport of
glucose and inhibiting the breakdown of fats and
proteins.
Hypoglycemia A condition characterized by abnormally low blood
glucose levels.
Hyperglycemia A condition characterized by abnormally high blood
glucose levels.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) A serious complication of diabetes characterized by
high blood sugar, ketones in the urine, and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic A condition characterized by severe hyperglycemia
Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNKS) without significant ketone production.
Diabetes Mellitus A chronic metabolic disease characterized by
hyperglycemia due to disorder of carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism.
,Predisposing Factors for Diabetes Factors such as heredity, obesity, stress, viral
infections, autoimmune disorders, and multigravida
women with large babies that increase the risk of
developing diabetes.
Type I Diabetes Mellitus A form of diabetes characterized by juvenile onset,
no insulin production, and a high risk for DKA.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus A form of diabetes characterized by maturity onset,
inadequate insulin production, and insulin resistance,
common in obese adults.
Gestational Diabetes Diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually
resolves after childbirth.
Diabetes associated with other Diabetes that occurs due to other conditions or
conditions syndromes, such as pancreatic disease or Cushing's
syndrome.
Management of Type I Diabetes Includes diet, exercise, and insulin therapy.
Management of Type II Diabetes Includes diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemic
agents (OHA), with insulin in stressful situations.
Stress Response in Diabetes In stressful situations, the body releases epinephrine,
norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids, which can lead
to hyperglycemia.
Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia Characterized by symptoms such as polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Na+ Requirement for Insulin Sodium is required for the transport of proteins in the
body.
K+ Requirement for Insulin Production Potassium is required for the production of insulin.
,Islets of Langerhans Clusters of cells in the pancreas that contain alpha,
beta, and delta cells.
Somatostatin A hormone produced by delta cells that inhibits the
action of growth hormone.
HYPERGLYCEMIA Large amount of glucose pass through the kidney.
OSMOTIC DIURESIS It will exert high osmotic pressure w/in the renal
tubules.
Ketonemia Ketones are acid bodies (Acetone, acetoacetic acid,
ß-hydroxybutyric acid).
POLYURIA Glycosuria will occur if glucose in the blood is > 180
mg/dl (renal threshold).
POLYDIPSIA Due to increased blood osmolarity, water moves
from inside to outside the cell (ICF dehydration).
Negative nitrogen balance Due to increased protein breakdown.
Weight loss Due to tissue wasting and hypovolemia (ECF
dehydration).
Debilitation Loss of fluids and electrolytes.
Sluggish circulation Due to increased blood viscosity.
Proliferation of microorganisms Infections such as Periodontal, UTI, Vasculitis,
Cellulitis, Vaginitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles.
Hypovolemia Can lead to hypotension, renal failure, coma, and
death (decrease blood flow to the brain).
, Cellular starvation Glucose deficiency leads to hunger and increased
appetite (Polyphagia).
Fats Increased lipolysis leads to ketones.
Macroangiopathy Includes complications such as cerebrovascular
accident and myocardial infarction.
Hyperlipidemia Can lead to ketonuria (osmotic diuresis).
Blood glucose testing Blood is drawn at 30 minutes & 1, 2, and 3 hours after
the ingestion of glucose solution.
Peripheral vascular disease A complication related to diabetes affecting
peripheral arteries.
Acetone breath A symptom associated with ketonemia.
Metabolic acidosis A condition that can arise from the accumulation of
ketones.
Microangiopathy A condition affecting small blood vessels, often
associated with diabetes.
Renal failure due to nephropathy Kidney failure resulting from damage to the kidneys,
commonly seen in diabetes.
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) A blood test that measures the average blood
glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
Diet for diabetes management A low caloric diet, especially if obese, consisting of
20% protein, 30% fats, and 50% carbohydrates.
Neuropathy Damage to the peripheral nervous system affecting
movement, sensation, and bodily functions.
Interventions – Accurate Answers To All Questions
Save
Terms in this set (670)
Alpha Cells Cells in the pancreas that produce glucagon, which
increases glucose levels.
Glucagon A hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
Beta Cells Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, which
lowers glucose levels.
Insulin A hormone that decreases glucose levels by
facilitating transcellular membrane transport of
glucose and inhibiting the breakdown of fats and
proteins.
Hypoglycemia A condition characterized by abnormally low blood
glucose levels.
Hyperglycemia A condition characterized by abnormally high blood
glucose levels.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) A serious complication of diabetes characterized by
high blood sugar, ketones in the urine, and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic A condition characterized by severe hyperglycemia
Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNKS) without significant ketone production.
Diabetes Mellitus A chronic metabolic disease characterized by
hyperglycemia due to disorder of carbohydrate, fat
and protein metabolism.
,Predisposing Factors for Diabetes Factors such as heredity, obesity, stress, viral
infections, autoimmune disorders, and multigravida
women with large babies that increase the risk of
developing diabetes.
Type I Diabetes Mellitus A form of diabetes characterized by juvenile onset,
no insulin production, and a high risk for DKA.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus A form of diabetes characterized by maturity onset,
inadequate insulin production, and insulin resistance,
common in obese adults.
Gestational Diabetes Diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually
resolves after childbirth.
Diabetes associated with other Diabetes that occurs due to other conditions or
conditions syndromes, such as pancreatic disease or Cushing's
syndrome.
Management of Type I Diabetes Includes diet, exercise, and insulin therapy.
Management of Type II Diabetes Includes diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemic
agents (OHA), with insulin in stressful situations.
Stress Response in Diabetes In stressful situations, the body releases epinephrine,
norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids, which can lead
to hyperglycemia.
Pathophysiology of Hyperglycemia Characterized by symptoms such as polyuria,
polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Na+ Requirement for Insulin Sodium is required for the transport of proteins in the
body.
K+ Requirement for Insulin Production Potassium is required for the production of insulin.
,Islets of Langerhans Clusters of cells in the pancreas that contain alpha,
beta, and delta cells.
Somatostatin A hormone produced by delta cells that inhibits the
action of growth hormone.
HYPERGLYCEMIA Large amount of glucose pass through the kidney.
OSMOTIC DIURESIS It will exert high osmotic pressure w/in the renal
tubules.
Ketonemia Ketones are acid bodies (Acetone, acetoacetic acid,
ß-hydroxybutyric acid).
POLYURIA Glycosuria will occur if glucose in the blood is > 180
mg/dl (renal threshold).
POLYDIPSIA Due to increased blood osmolarity, water moves
from inside to outside the cell (ICF dehydration).
Negative nitrogen balance Due to increased protein breakdown.
Weight loss Due to tissue wasting and hypovolemia (ECF
dehydration).
Debilitation Loss of fluids and electrolytes.
Sluggish circulation Due to increased blood viscosity.
Proliferation of microorganisms Infections such as Periodontal, UTI, Vasculitis,
Cellulitis, Vaginitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles.
Hypovolemia Can lead to hypotension, renal failure, coma, and
death (decrease blood flow to the brain).
, Cellular starvation Glucose deficiency leads to hunger and increased
appetite (Polyphagia).
Fats Increased lipolysis leads to ketones.
Macroangiopathy Includes complications such as cerebrovascular
accident and myocardial infarction.
Hyperlipidemia Can lead to ketonuria (osmotic diuresis).
Blood glucose testing Blood is drawn at 30 minutes & 1, 2, and 3 hours after
the ingestion of glucose solution.
Peripheral vascular disease A complication related to diabetes affecting
peripheral arteries.
Acetone breath A symptom associated with ketonemia.
Metabolic acidosis A condition that can arise from the accumulation of
ketones.
Microangiopathy A condition affecting small blood vessels, often
associated with diabetes.
Renal failure due to nephropathy Kidney failure resulting from damage to the kidneys,
commonly seen in diabetes.
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) A blood test that measures the average blood
glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
Diet for diabetes management A low caloric diet, especially if obese, consisting of
20% protein, 30% fats, and 50% carbohydrates.
Neuropathy Damage to the peripheral nervous system affecting
movement, sensation, and bodily functions.
